1Setting Objectives and Setting Objectives and Providing FeedbackProviding FeedbackClassroom Instruction That Works Classroom Instruction That Works By Marzano,Pickering, PollockBy Marzano,Pickering, PollockLecture given by Summer Calabro Lecture given by Summer Calabro Last Class We Talked Last Class We Talked About???About???Cooperative learning is one of the most Cooperative learning is one of the most flexible and powerful grouping strategies.flexible and powerful grouping strategies.They can be used in many settings and They can be used in many settings and in a variety of ways.in a variety of ways.Today We Will DiscussToday We Will Discuss……Research and theory on goal setting Research and theory on goal setting Classroom practice in goal setting Classroom practice in goal setting Research and theory on providing Research and theory on providing feedbackfeedbackAnd classroom practice in providing And classroom practice in providing feedback feedback Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal SettingGoal SettingGoal settingGoal setting--Process of establishing a direction of Process of establishing a direction of learning.learning.Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal SettingGoal SettingFig. 8.1 Fig. 8.1 Studies looked at general effects of Studies looked at general effects of setting goals or objects.setting goals or objects.In general students had a 18In general students had a 18--21 21 percentile gain.percentile gain.Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal SettingGoal SettingThree generalizations to make from Three generalizations to make from research on goal setting:research on goal setting:1. Instructional goals narrow what students 1. Instructional goals narrow what students focus onfocus on2. Instructional goals should not be too 2. Instructional goals should not be too specificspecific3. Students should be encouraged to 3. Students should be encouraged to personalize the teacherpersonalize the teacher’’s goals.s goals.2Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal Setting Goal Setting 1.1.Instructional goals narrow what Instructional goals narrow what students focus onstudents focus onUnintended outcomesUnintended outcomesSetting a goal focuses a students Setting a goal focuses a students attention to such a degree that they attention to such a degree that they ignore information not specifically ignore information not specifically related to the goal.related to the goal.Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal SettingGoal Setting2. Instructional goals should not be too 2. Instructional goals should not be too specific.specific.Instructional goals do not produce better Instructional goals do not produce better results if they are very specific.results if they are very specific.Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Goal SettingGoal Setting3. Students should be encouraged to 3. Students should be encouraged to personalize the teacherpersonalize the teacher’’s goals.s goals.Student adapts them to his or her own Student adapts them to his or her own needs and desires. needs and desires. Another reason why goals should not be Another reason why goals should not be too specifictoo specificConsider setting goals in a contractual Consider setting goals in a contractual waywayClassroom Practice in Classroom Practice in Goal SettingGoal SettingSpecific but flexible goalsSpecific but flexible goalsUse Use ““learning contractslearning contracts””Allows students to take ownership in the Allows students to take ownership in the learning processlearning processClassroom Practice in Classroom Practice in Goal SettingGoal SettingContractsContracts--Student has great control over his or Student has great control over his or her own learningher own learningCan be specific or brief Can be specific or brief Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Providing Feed BackProviding Feed BackThink about a situation in which you Think about a situation in which you received feedback that impacted on you.received feedback that impacted on you.Was it a positive experience or a Was it a positive experience or a negative experience?negative experience?What specifically do you remember?What specifically do you remember?3Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Providing Feed BackProviding Feed BackThe most powerful single modification The most powerful single modification that enhances achievement is feedback. that enhances achievement is feedback. The simplest prescription for improving The simplest prescription for improving education must be education must be ““dollops of dollops of feedbackfeedback””(Hattie, p 9) (Hattie, p 9) Research and Theory on Research and Theory on Providing Feed BackProviding Feed BackWhat are characteristics of feed back?What are characteristics of feed back?Includes opportunity for self assessment.Includes opportunity for self assessment.Is well timed and expectedIs well timed and expectedBased on observation or reliable informationBased on observation or reliable informationIs SpecificIs SpecificShould be validated with the learnerShould be validated with the learnerStudent and teacher work together for a Student and teacher work together for a common goalcommon goalResearch and Theory on Research and Theory on Providing Feed BackProviding Feed BackFeed Back Mnemonic:Feed Back Mnemonic:A.R.C.H.A.R.C.H.A = Ask for selfA = Ask for self--assessment assessment R = Reinforcement R = Reinforcement C = CorrectC = CorrectH = Help by building improvement H = Help by building improvement plan with learnerplan with learnerReceived from:Received from:http://med.fsu.edu/education/FacultyDevelopment/PowerPoinhttp://med.fsu.edu/education/FacultyDevelopment/PowerPoint_Presentations/Feedbackwebversion_files/frame.htmt_Presentations/Feedbackwebversion_files/frame.htmDennis Baker, PhD Ed Shahady, MD Paul McLeod, MD Tony Dennis Baker, PhD Ed Shahady, MD Paul McLeod, MD Tony Costa, MD Florida State University College of MedicineCosta, MD Florida State University College of MedicineResearch and Theory on Research and Theory on Providing Feed BackProviding Feed BackFig 8.2Fig 8.2Studies looked at general effects
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