GEOG 2300: EXAM 1
26 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
The ___ states that "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."
|
First Law of Geography
|
|
___ is the process of representing phenomena or ideas with a simplified counterpart.
|
Abstraction
|
|
Geographic Information ___ is a computer system that processes geographic data and maps while Geographic Information ___ is the scientific founding of GIS.
|
1-Systems, 2-Science
|
|
Does GIS stand for A: Geographic Information Science or B: Geographic Information Systems
|
B
|
|
Unlike representative fractions, graphic scales remain ___ when maps are shrunk or magnified.
|
True
|
|
A parallel is a line of ___ and a meridian is a line of ___.
|
1-Latitude, 2-Longitude
|
|
The ___ system was designed to meet the need to plan coordinates to specify geographic locations globally. It is also the State Plane Coordinate System.
|
UTM
|
|
___ projections yield straight meridians that converge toward a single point at the poles, parallels that form concentric arcs.
|
Conic
|
|
___ projections yield meridians that are straight and convergent, but parallels form concentric circles rather than arcs.
|
Planar
|
|
___ are directions from one or two points to all other points on the map.
|
Azimuths
|
|
Planar projections are also called ___.
|
Azimuthal
|
|
___ projections maintain correct proportions in the sizes of areas on the globe and corresponding areas on the projected grid (allowing for differences in scale, of course).
|
Equal-area
|
|
An angle measured by a land surveyor anywhere on the Earth's surface can be plotted at its corresponding location on a ___ projection without distortion.
|
Conformal
|
|
___ map projections allow distances to be measured accurately along straight lines radiating from one or, at most, two points or they can have correct distance (thus maintain scale) along one or more lines.
|
Equidistant
|
|
___ projections display all great circles as straight lines.
|
Gnomonic
|
|
A ___ is the most direct path between two locations across the surface of the globe.
|
Great circle
|
|
A ___ is an abstraction which defines the relationship between coordinate systems and the Earth's shape.
|
Horizontal datum
|
|
A ___ is a map projection whose parameters (such as standard line(s) and central meridians) are optimized for each particular zone.
|
Lambert conic conformal
|
|
A ___ projection is a variation of cylindric projection in which meridians are curved.
|
Pseudocylindric
|
|
The ___ is a coordinate system which divides the remainder of the Earth's surface into 60 zones, each spanning 6 degrees of longitude.
|
UTM
|
|
A ___ is a reference surface, such as mean sea level.
|
Vertical datum
|
|
___ is the act of eliminating unnecessary elements in the geometry of features, such as the superfluous details of a nation's shoreline that can only be seen at a larger, zoomed-in regional scale.
|
Smoothing
|
|
___ depicts just the most typical components of the mapped feature.
|
Typification
|
|
___ maps represent quantitative data that is aggregated to areas (often called "enumeration units").
|
Choropleth
|
|
___ symbols are symbols in which the graphic variable of size is used to depict data magnitude.
|
Proportional
|
|
___ maps depict magnitude by frequency rather than size of symbol and add the depiction of geographic distribution by use of the graphic variable of location.
|
Dot
|
GEOG 2300: CHAPTER 12