HIST 2020: EXAM 2
201 Cards in this Set
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greed, corruption
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When Mark Twain and Charles Warner labeled the post-Civil War era the "gilded age", they implied that it was characterized by widespread ___ and ___.
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Tammany Hall
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William "Boss" Tweed controlled ______.
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70, 80
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Voter turnout during the Gilded Age was commonly between ___ and __ percent.
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prohibitionist
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A ____ would most likely have been a Gilded Age Republican.
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Irish
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An ____ immigrant would most likely have been a Gilded Age Democrat.
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tariff
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The one issue on which there was clear-cut divisions between Democrats and Republicans in the Gilded Age was the ___.
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little
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Very ____ support was expected from people living in the Gilded Age from the federal government.
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Roscoe Conkling
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The Stalwarts were led by ___ ___.
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controversy, election
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Rutherford Hayes never had a second chance of a second term as president because of the ___ over his ___ in 1876
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unable, merit
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Rutherford Hayes was ___ to get civil service legislation through Congress, but he set up his own rules for ___ appointments.
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Hayes
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___ aligned himself with growing discontent over political corruption in the Grant administration.
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Garfield, stalwarts
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Chester Arthur was tapped as ___'s vice president to please the ___.
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Hancock
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Winfield Scott ___ was a Democrat
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competent, independent
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As president, Arthur proved to be surprisingly ___ and ____.
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different, commodities
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The 'Mongrel' tariff of 1883 was the called thus because it called for ___ rates for different ____.
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competitive exams
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The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of ____ ___.
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letters, railroad
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During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because __ were discovered linking Blaine to the ___.
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cities, universities
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Mugwumps were centered in large ___ and major ___.
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bribing
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In 1884 Speaker of the House Blaine was sullied by his ties to letters ____ him.
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Cleveland
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____ was named father of an illegitimate child.
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Blaine
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A reference in the 1884 campaign to "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" hurt candidate ____.
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strictly limited
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Grover Cleveland has a ___ ____ view of government's role
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railroads
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The Interstate Commerce Commission was created to regulate ____.
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tariff
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Cleveland's most dramatic challenge to the power of special interests focused on ___ reform.
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Republican
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In the election of 1888, the ___ party became known as the Grand Old Party
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popular
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Harrison was elected president even though he received fewer ___ votes than the loser, Cleveland
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Cleveland, British
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With the Murchison letters, a CA Republican used a lie to suggest a link between ___ and ___ free traders.
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Harrison
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In the election of 1888, Cleveland won the popular vote, but ___ won the Electoral College.
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raised, manufactured
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The McKinly Tariff of 1890 ___ duties on ___ goods.
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Sherman Silver Purchase
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The ___ ___ __ Act decreased the amt of silver purchased by the government and therefore caused deflation and lower prices was NOT a factor in the decline of commodity prices during the Gilded Age.
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state, local, public
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In Munn v Illinois, the Supreme court upheld the right of __ and __ governments to regulate industry essential to the ___ welfare
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stronger
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Passage of the "Granger Laws" laid a foundation for ___ legislation to follow.
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Greenback
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In the 1878 midterm election, the ___ party polled over 1 million votes and elected 15 congressmen.
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farmers, low
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The subtreasury plan allowed ___ to secure __-interest gov loans.
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Macune
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____ proposed that TX farmers create their own exchange in order to free themselves from banks and grain processors.
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ballot, bayonet
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Mary E. Lease advised farmers to obtain their goals "with the __ if possibile, but if not that way then with the ____"
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Populist
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The Farmers' Alliance helped establish the ___ party.
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silver
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Halting the free and unlimited coinage of ___ was not part of the Omaha Platform in 1892
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22
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In the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate won ___ electoral votes.
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churches
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Alliance meetings and Populist rallies often occurred in ___.
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20
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In the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around ___%.
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unemployed
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Following the 1893 depression, Coxey's Army demanded government jobs for the _____.
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Jennings Bryan
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"You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!" was stated by:
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win, Roosevelt
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In the presidential election of 1896, William Jennings Bryan did not ___ after gaining the support of ___.
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campaigned
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In the 1896 campaign, William Jennings Bryan spoke and ___ all over the country.
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urban wage laborers
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In the election of 1896, __ ___ ___ found it easier to identify with McKinley's "full dinner pail" pledge than with Bryan's "free-silver panacea"
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Sherman Silver Purchase
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By 1890, the ___ ___ ___ Act did not lead to inflation of the currency.
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Bolshevik
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Western imperialism in the late 19th century was not stimulated by the fear that ___ ideas might advance around the globe.
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American Political Ideas
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John Fiske wrote ___ ___ __, a book that stressed the superior character of Angle-Saxon peoples and institutions
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sea
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Alfred Mahan argued that __ power was essential to national greatness
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naval base
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In 1878 the Samoans signed a treaty with the US giving the US a ___ ___ on one of its islands
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refused
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When Americans led an overthrow of the Hawaiin monarchy in the early 1890s President Cleveland ___ to annex Hawaii to the US
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annexation
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The Republic of Hawaii had a constitutional provision that kept ____ to the US possible
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circulation
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The term yellow journalism arose from the ___ war between two New York newspapers
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Hearst
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The publisher of the New York Journal was William Randolph ___.
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weak, cowardly
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The de Lome letter reffered to President McKinley as a ___ and ___ leader
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battle
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The battleship Maine was the source of a ___ cry in the Spanish-American War
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Cuban
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The Teller Amendment disclaimed any American designs on ___ territory.
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American
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The ultimate blame for going to war with Spain belongs to the ___ people, for letting themselves be whipped into a frenzy.
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Manila Bay
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The first major victory for American forces in the Spanish-American War was at ___ ___.
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fighting
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During the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt took part in the land ____ in Cuba
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rebel
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Emilio Aguinaldo was the Filipino __ leader
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disease
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In the Spanish American War more American soldiers died from ___ than battle
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Democrats, Populists
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The treaty ending the Spanish-American War was opposed by most ___ and ___.
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coal, oil
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The large ___ and ___ deposits in the Philippines was not a reason for the US annexation.
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panama
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The US acquired all but ___ as a result of SPAM
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Beveridge
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____ supported America's annexation of the Philippines
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Taft
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___ was the civil governor of the Philippines in 1901
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1917
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Residents of Puerto Rico became citizens of the US in ____.
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restricted
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The Platt Amendment sharply ____ the independence of Cuba's new gov
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opposed
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The Open Door policy, if rooted in the self-interest of American businessmen and their desire to exploit Chinese markets, also tapped the deep-sympathies of those who ___ imperialsim
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equal
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The Open Door policy proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an ___ basis
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Republicans
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____ did not support the increased coinage of silver.
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bank
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One of the causes of the 1893 depression was the failure of a British ___.
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Americanization
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Queen Liliuokalani opposed the ____ of Hawaii.
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report
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After the explosion of the Maine, the ship's captain wrote that the public should wait for a complete ___ before acting.
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world power
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As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US became a ___ ___.
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Hay
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The secretary of state who proclaimed the Open Door policy toward China was John ____.
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1900
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The Boxer Rebellion took place in ____.
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abandon
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With the Boxer Rebellion, Secretary to State John Hay did not ____ the Open Door policy.
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Democrats
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In the election of 1900, _____ questioned America's role as imperialist.
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cowboy
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Theodore Roosevelt loved the outdoors and was, for a brief time, a ____.
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Roosevelt
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Although his western career lasted only two years, _____ never got over being a cowboy.
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navy
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In 1896, Roosevelt campaigned hard for William McKinley, and the new president rewarded him by appointing him secretary of the ____.
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Roosevelt
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Who was President when the US acquired the right to build a canal across Panama?
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rebelled
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When the US and Colombia could not agree on a price for the Canal Zone, the Colombian province of Panama ____ against Colombia
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Panama
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The Hay-Herran Treaty concerned America's right to build a canal in ____.
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Columbia
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To acquire the Canal Zone, the US supported Panama's revolt against ____.
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canal
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The French lost 20,000 men and spent $300 mil attempting to build a ___ in Panama.
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Roosevelt
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Who recommended wielding a big stick as a symbol of his aggressive diplomacy?
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Western
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The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the US could intervene in the affairs of the ___ Hemisphere countries to forestall the intervention of other powers
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Philippines
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As a result of Japan's show of strength in the Russo-Japanese War Americans began to doubt the security of the ____.
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Japan
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The "yellow peril" was a racialized description of ___.
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Japanese
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In the so-called Gentleman's Agreement, Roosevelt stopped the flow of ____ immigrants to America.
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Nobel Peace
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Roosevelt's intervention in the Russo-Japanese War and the Moroccan dispute won him the ___ ___ Prize of 1906.
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Germany
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Through his intervention in the Moroccan crisis in 1906, Roosevelt may have prevented a war pitting France and Britain against ____.
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Tunisia
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The Act of Algeciras did not take place in ____.
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navy
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Roosevelt sent the US ___ on a grand tour around the world.
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Roosevelt
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Who once said that warfare was the best way to promote "the clear instinct for race selfishness"?
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little
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In the progressive period, many groups- blacks, the poor, the unorganized- had ___ influence.
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Standard Oil
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The subject of "Wealth against Commonwealth" was ___ ___.
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social
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The muckrakers saw their primary objective as exposing ___ problems to the public.
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Steffens
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The author of "The Shame of the Cities" was Lincoln ____.
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poll tax
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Progressives did not support, as a measure to democratize government, the ___ ___.
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efficiency
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Frederick W. Taylor was an ____ expert.
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La Follette
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The originator of the Wisconsin Idea of efficient government was Robert M. __ ___
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Galveston
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The commission plan of city government was first adopted in ___, Texas
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big business
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Most progressives, to solve the problem of economic power and its abuses, regulating ___ ___.
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Temperance
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WCTU stood for Women's Christian ____ Union.
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children
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The National Child Labor Committee pushed for laws banning the widespread employment of young ___.
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ten
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In the case of Lochner v NY, the Supreme Court voided a state-legislated___-hour day because it violated workers' "liberty of contract"
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fire
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At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 workers died as a result of a ___.
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humanitariansism
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Jane Addams called the impulse to found settlement houses Christians ____.
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ministers
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Frances Willard lobbied for women to become ____.
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ratification
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In 1917, a prohibition amendment to the Constitution passed Congress, then went to the states for ____.
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army
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During the coal strike, Roosevelt threatened to use the ___ to force strikers back to work.
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not
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Regarding coal, Roosevelt was ___ too cozy with the industry.
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corporations
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Congress established the Bureau of Corporations to monitor the activities of interstate ____.
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Standard Oil
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This company refused to turn over its records to the gov, leading to a suit and the breakup of the company in 1911
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maximum
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The Hepburn Act of 1906 authorized the ICC to set up ___ rates for railroads
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The Jungle
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The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry
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Audobon
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George Bird Grinnell is associated with the ____ Society
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Roosevelt
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Who once said that "the love of soft living and the get-rich-quick theory of life" would destroy America?
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forestry
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Roosevelt's close friend Gifford Pinchot was a ___ expert and a leading conservationist.
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Forest Reserve
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In the area of conservation, Roosevelt used the ___ ___ Act to protect over 170mil acres of forest
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Democrats
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In the 1908 presidential race the ___ once again nominated William Jennings Bryan.
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Roosevelt
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William Howard Taft was ___'s choice as his successor.
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Taft
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Who became chief justice of the SC in 1921
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own
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President Taft's domestics policies generated a storm of controversy within his ___ party.
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lower
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Contrary to his party's tradition, Taft called for a ___ tariff.
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Pinchot
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The issue that made Taft seem to be a less reliable custodian of Roosevelt's conservation policies was Taft's handling of the Ballinger and ____ affair.
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change
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As president Taft had more status quo than ___.
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popular
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The Seventeenth Amendment authorized the ___ election of senators.
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college
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Woodrow Wilson was a ___ president.
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1912
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Roosevelt was shot during the ___ presidential campaign.
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Roosevelt
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Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was ____.
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Republican
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In the presidential election on 1912, Taft was the ___ candidate.
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split
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a major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the fact that the Republican party had ___.
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nonconsecutive
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The election of 1912 did not bring the same man to the White House in ____ terms
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Bryan
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Upon becoming president, Wilson appointed ___ as secretary of state.
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lowered
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The Underwood-Simmons Tariff ___ the average tariff and hence was supported by Wilson
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gold
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The Federal Reserve Act did not shift the US treasury back to the ___ standard.
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anti-trust
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Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform proposed vigorous ___ action to break up corporate concentration.
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responsible
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The Clayton Anti-Trust act made it possible for corporate officials to be held ___ for violations.
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banking
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In his first term as pres, Wilson did not fail to reorganize the ___ system.
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Wilson
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Who sympathized with the motives of the KKK?
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Jewish
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Louis D. Brandeis was the first ___ member of the Supreme Court.
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1916
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The Federal Highways Act passed in ____.
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eight
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The Adamson Act of 1916 established the ___-hour day for railroad workers
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Gilded Age
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An era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by loose government oversight over corporations, which fostered unfettered capitalism and widespread political corruption
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political machine
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A network of political activists and elected officials, usually controlled by a powerful "boss," that attempts to manipulate local politics
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Stalwarts
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Conservative Republican party faction during the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881; led by Senator Roscoe B. Conkling of New York, they opposed civil service reform and favored a third term for President Ulysses S. Grant
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Blaine
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As a Republican congressman from Maine, he developed close ties with business leaders, which contributed to him losing the presidential election of 1884. He later opposed President Cleveland's efforts to reduce tariffs, which became a significant issue in the 1888 presidential election. H…
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Mugwumps
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Reform wing of the Republican party that supported Democrat Grover Cleveland for president in 1884 over Republican James G. Blaine, whose influence peddling had been revealed in the Mulligan letters of 1876.
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Granger movement
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Political movement that grew out of the Patrons of Husbandry, an educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867; Had its greatest success in the Midwest of the 1870s, lobbying for government control of railroad and grain elevator rates and establishing farmers' cooperativ…
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Farmers' Alliance
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Two separate organizations (Northwestern and Southern) of the 1880s and 1890s that took the place of the Grange, worked for similar causes, and attracted landless, as well as landed, farmers to their membership.
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Populist
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Political success of Farmers' Alliance candidates encouraged the formation in 1892 of the People's party; active until 1912, it advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators…
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
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She was a leader of the farm protest movement who advocated violence if change could not be obtained at the ballot box. She believed that the urban-industrial East was the enemy of the working class.
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McKinley
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As a congressman, he was responsible for the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which raised the duties on manufactured products to their highest level ever. Voters disliked the tariff and him, as well as other Republicans, lost their seats in Congress the next election. However, he won the preside…
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Bryan
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He delivered the pro-silver "cross of gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic Convention and won his party's nomination for president. Disappointed pro-gold Democrats chose to walk out of the convention and nominate their own candidate, which split the Democratic party and cost them the White…
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Jim Crow laws
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In the New South, these laws mandated the separation of races in various public places that served as a way for the ruling whites to impose their will on all areas of black life
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Mississippi Plan
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In 1890, Mississippi instituted policies that led to a near-total loss of voting rights for blacks and many poor whites. In order to vote, the state required that citizens pay all their taxes first, be literate, and have been residents of the state for two years and one year in an elector…
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separate but equal
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Principle underlying legal racial segregation, which was upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and struck down in Brown v. Board of Education
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Ida B. Wells
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After being denied a seat on a railroad car because she was black, she became the first African American to file a suit against such discrimination. As a journalist, she criticized Jim Crow laws, demanded that blacks have their voting rights restored and crusaded against lynching. In 1909…
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Booker T. Washington
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He founded a leading college for African Americans in Tuskegee, Alabama, and become the foremost black educator in America by the 1890s. He believed that the African American community should establish an economic base for its advancement before striving for social equality. His critics c…
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W. E. B. Du Bois
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He criticized Booker T. Washington's views on civil rights as being accommodationist. He advocated "ceaseless agitation" for civil rights and the immediate end to segregation and an enforcement of laws to protect civil rights and equality. He promoted an education for African Americans th…
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The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
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Written by Alfred Mahan, in this book he argued that a nation's greatness and prosperity comes from maritime power. He believed that America's "destiny" was to control the Caribbean, build the Panama Canal, and spread Western civilization across the Pacific.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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As the assistant secretary of the navy, he supported expansionism, American imperialism and war with Spain. He led the First Volunteer Cavalry, or Rough Riders, in Cuba during the war of 1898 and used the notoriety of this military campaign for political gain. As President McKinley's vice…
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Queen Liliuokalani
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In 1891, she ascended to the throne of the Hawaiian royal family and tried to eliminate white control of the Hawaiian government. Two years later, Hawaii's white population revolted and seized power with the support of American marines
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New York Journal
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In the late 1890s, this and its rival, the New York World, printed sensationalism on the Cuban revolution as part of their heated competition for readership. This journal printed a negative letter from the Spanish ambassador about President McKinley and inflammatory coverage of the sinkin…
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New York World
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In the late 1890s, this and its rival, New York Journal, printed sensationalism on the Cuban revolution as part of their heated competition for readership.
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yellow journalism
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A type of journalism, epitomized in the 1890s by the newspaper empires of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, that intentionally manipulates public opinion through sensational headlines about both real and invented events.
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de Lôme letter
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A Spanish ambassador wrote a letter to a friend in Havana in which he described President McKinley as "weak" and a seeker of public admiration. This letter was stolen and published in the New York Journal, which increased the American public's dislike of Spain and moved the two countries …
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Teller Amendment
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On April 20, 1898, a joint resolution of Congress declared Cuba independent and demanded the withdrawal of Spanish forces. This amendment was added to this resolution, and it declaimed any designs the United States had on Cuban territory
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George Dewey
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On April 30, 1898, this commodore's small U.S. naval squadron defeated the Spanish warships in Manila Bay in the Philippines. This quick victory aroused expansionist fever in the United States
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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He was a leader in Filipino struggle for independence. During the war of 1898, Commodore George Dewey brought him back to the Philippines from exile to help fight the Spanish. However, after the Spanish surrendered to Americans, America annexed the Philippines and he fought against the Am…
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Rough Riders
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The First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, led in battle in the Spanish-American War by Theodore Roosevelt; they were victorious in their only battle near Santiago, Cuba; and Roosevelt used the notoriety to aid his political career.
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Dr. Walter Reed
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His work on yellow fever in Cuba led to the discovery that the fever was carried by mosquitoes. This understanding helped develop more effective controls of the worldwide disease.
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Open Door Policy
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In hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports, Secretary of State John Hay unilaterally announced in 1899 that Chinese trade would be open to all nations.
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Monroe Doctrine
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President Theodore Roosevelt announced in what was essentially a corollary to the ____ Doctrine that the United States could intervene militarily to prevent interference from European powers in the Western Hemisphere
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social gospel
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Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization
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settlement houses
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Product of the late nineteenth-century movement to offer a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods; Chicago's Hull House was one of hundreds that operated by the early twentieth century
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Jane Addams
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As the leader of one of the best known settlement houses, she rejected the "do-goodism" spirit of religious reformers. Instead, she focused on solving the practical problems of the poor and tried to avoid the assumption that she and other social workers knew what was best for poor immigra…
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muckrakers
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Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meat-packing, child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of the twentieth century; their popular books and magazine articles spurred public interest in progressive reform
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Taylorism
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The book "The Principles of Scientific Management" explained a management system that claimed to be able to reduce waste through the scientific analysis of the labor process. This system promised to find the optimum technique for the average worker and establish detailed performance stand…
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social justice
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An important part of the Progressive's agenda, social justice sought to solve social problems through reform and regulation. Methods used to bring about this ranged from the founding of charities to the legislation of a ban on child labor
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Florence Kelley
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As the head of the National Consumer's League, she led the crusade to promote state laws to regulate the number of working hours imposed on women who were wives and mothers
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Gifford Pinchot
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As the head of the Division of Forestry, he implemented a conservation policy that entailed the scientific management of natural resources to serve the public interest. His work helped start the conservation movement. In 1910, he exposed to the public the decision of Richard A. Ballinger'…
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New Nationalism
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Platform of the Progressive party and slogan of former President Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; stressed government activism, including regulation of trusts, conservation, and recall of state court decisions that had nullified progressive programs
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Sixteenth Amendment
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Legalized the federal income tax
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"Bull Moose" Progressive party
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In the 1912 election, Theodore Roosevelt was unable to secure the Republican nomination for president. He left the Republican party and formed this party of progressive Republicans. Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote, which allowed Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win
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Woodrow Wilson
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In the 1912 presidential election,he ran under the slogan of New Freedom, which promised to improve of the banking system, lower tariffs, and break up monopolies. He sought to deliver on these promises through passage of the Underwood-Simmons Tariff, the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and n…
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election of 1912
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Wilson, Taft, Roosevelt, and Debs were candidates that believed in the basic assumptions of progressive politics, but each had a different view on how progressive ideals should be implemented through policy. In the end, Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican party votes and Wilson emerge…
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Alice Paul
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She was a leader of the women's suffrage movement and head of the Congressional Committee of National Women Suffrage Association. She instructed female suffrage activists to use more militant tactics, such as picketing state legislatures, chaining themselves to public buildings, inciting …
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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She was a leader of a new generation of activists in the women's suffrage movement who carried on the work started by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
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Nineteenth Amendment
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Granted women the right to vote
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Margaret Sanger
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As a birth-control activist, she worked to distribute birth control information to working-class women and opened the nation's first family-planning clinic in 1916. She organized the American Birth Control League, which eventually changed its name to Planned Parenthood
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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A group that believed saloons stripped women of everything by seducing working men
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Civil Service Commisssion
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The first federal regulatory agency established on a permanent basis. Later became known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
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Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v Illinois
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A court case that the justices denied the right of any state to regulate rates charged by railroads in interstate traffic
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National Association of Colored Women
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An organization created to combat racism and segregation
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HIST 2020: American History