1-5. The Working Class and Organized LaborKey Terms Mollie Maguires Railroad Strike of 1877 Knights of LaborTerence Powderly Haymarket Riot A F LSamuel Gompers Homestead Strike Pullman StrikeI. Working Conditions 1870-19001. Wages2. Environment3. Employment of Women and ChildrenII. Early Attempts to Unionize1. Mollie Maguires2. The Railroad Strike of 18773. The Knights of Labor (1878)Terence Powderly4. Haymarket Square Bombing (1886)5. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) (1886)Samuel GompersHomestead Steel Strike (1892)Pullman Railcar Strike (1894)III. Weakness of the First Unions1. Low Membership2. Lack of Unity3. Perceived as Anti-AmericanI.- Wages: low but rising, 60hr/week, long and boring, dangerous work- Many accidents and deaths, unhealthy working conditions- Workers are less important than their machines - 1 in 5 workers were female, females got paid less, smaller hands to fix things- Children got paid even less, 10hr/week- 70% workers are female, served in wealthy homes- 1900 10 % of all girls had jobs, 20% boys had jobsII. - Mollie Maguires: miners took this name to represent oppression- Posted threats through group, explosions in mines- Am. Public turned against workers when threats became violent- Coal company framed miners for explosions- The Railroad Strike of 1877: against entire industry, troops were sent in to stop the workers from protest- Strike failed because it didn’t have an organization behind them- Workers had to go back to work because they didn’t have enough money to support their family while on strike- Every time there was violence, Am. Public sided with company, not workers- The Knights of Labor 1878: included women in movement, 8hr/week work day, improve working conditions, no child labor- Lead by Terence Powderly - Told people to go on strike if employer didn’t go to 8hr/week work day- Haymarket Square Bombing 1886: Chicago strike of police and employers- Someone through a handmade bomb in the square- Made Am. Public go against workers- The American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886:- Lead by Samuel Gompers, navigation between capitalist and workers- Homestead Strike 1892: Frick tried to break up workers, sends pinkerton agents by boat, workers set fire to river- Pullman Railcar Strike 1894: panic of 1893 hits railroad, Pullman housed his workers and paid in Pullman dollars and had Pullman stores, fired 1/3 of workers and cut 2/3 workers pay, didn’t lower rent of housing or store prices, workers went on strike b/c of this, Pullman calls Gov, Gov sides with workers, after violence was over workers returned to factories and union movement failed, no child labor, no 8hr/week work day, outlawed child labor under 12yrs, didn’t upheld child labor lawIII. - Union failed b/c it had low numbers in workers, American born workers didn’t support foreign or black workers, women stopped working, children stopped working, seen as