1-6. The Changing CitiesKey Terms Urban Immigrants Nativism Chinese Exclusion ActSalvation Army National Consumers LeagueI. Moving into the City1. Ethnic Communities2. Nativist ReactionChinese Exclusion ActII. Landscape of the City1. Housing for the Wealthy and Middle Classes2. Housing for the Poor3. Skyscrapers4. City ReformsPublic SpacesProfessional Police and Fire DepartmentsIII. Problems in the City1. Fire2. Epidemics3. Pollution4. PovertySalvation Army5. Crime and Violence6. CorruptionMachine PoliticsIV. Advantages of the City1. Department StoresNational Consumers League2. Sports and LeisureI. Moving into the City-- Urban immigration, women going into the workforce - Foreign groups stayed together, made their own food and clothes and sold them intheir own stores- 1881 massive racist riot of Chinese - Chinese Exclusive Act banned Chinese from entering the U.S. and made Chinese living in U.S. leave- 1902 Chinese Exclusive Act stayed in effect until WW2- Literacy test were given to immigrates II. Landscaping of the City-- Wealthy moved out of the city- Middle class rented - Steel built skyscrapers and elevators were added to them- Department stores were added- Police and Fire departments formedIII. Problems in the City-- Soot from factories rose in the air and one spark started fires (1871)- 1906 fire in Sanfransisco from an earthquake - Farmers moved into the city and brought their animals, the poop from them mixedin the gutters and rain washed it into the sewer and mixed with drinking water- Street cars and horses caused pollution and epidemics - Crime and violence went up, over population and not enough law enforcement - 1879 Salvation Army provided aid in cities, but caused tension among religions- Corruption in city gov’t, provided services to people, demanded bribes IV. Advantages of the City-- Women could work in the department stores - National Consumers League was 2nd largest women’s organization- Stores changed fashion with the seasons to get shoppers to keep coming back- Men played sports, 1869 first baseball team , football, boxing- 1890 basketball invented by a Canadian - Better