GBIO 153H: EXAM 1
98 Cards in this Set
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Catabolic
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To break down
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Anabolic
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To build up
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Chemosynthesis
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Use of sulfur and other elements to survive in harsh climates by bacteria
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Chlorophyll
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Green pigment found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants
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Melanin
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Primary determinant of skin color; also found in hair
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Keratin
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Make up the outer layer of human skin. It is the key structural component of hair and nails
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Xanthophyll
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A yellow or brown pigment that causes the changing of colors of leaves in the fall
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Countershading
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Organisms are darker dorsally and lighter ventrally
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Asymmetry
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No definite body shape
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Radial symmetry
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Extremities radiate out of central body like spokes in a wheel
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Bilateral symmetry
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Could divide the body into two mirror images
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Autotroph
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Organisms make their own food
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Heterotroph
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Organisms capture their own food
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Mixotroph
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Can have both autotrophic and heterotrophic tendencies
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Saprobe
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Consumes dead organisms
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Symbiosis
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An intimate relationship between two or more organisms
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Parasite
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An organism that lives in or on another host organism at the expense of the host
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Vector
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Carriers of parasites (mosquitoes - malaria, rats - plague)
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Ectoparasite
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Live on the host, can serve as a vector
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Endoparasite
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Live within the host
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Commensal
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Live in or on a host, is not dangerous nor beneficiary to host
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Mutuals
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Organisms live together to benefit each other
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Sessile
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Fixed in place, immobile
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Planktonic
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At the mercy of the tides and winds
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Nocturnal
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Active during the night
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Diurnal
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Active during the day
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Crepuscular
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Active at dawn and dusk
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Fauna
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Animals
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Flora
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Plants
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Regeneration/reconstitution
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The ability to regenerate lost extremities/body shape
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Father of Taxonomy
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Hierarchy of taxa
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Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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Archaea
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Ancient/extreme bacteria
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Bacteria
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Modern bacteria
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Eukarya
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Eukaryotic cells
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Extremophiles
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Bacteria that live/thrive in harsh conditions
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Acidophiles
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Bacteria that live in acidic environments
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Halophiles
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Bacteria that live in salty environments
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Thermophiles
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Bacteria that live in hot environments
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Methanogens
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Bacteria that produce methane
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Chlorophyta
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Green algae
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Rhodophyta
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Seaweed
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Phaeophyta
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Brown algae
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Myxomycota
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Slime mold
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Apicomplexa
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Parasites in their adult form
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Bryophyta
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True moss
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Pterophyta
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Ferns
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Lycophyta
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Lycopodium (Christmas trees/wreaths)
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Sphenophyta
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Horse tails
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Ginkophyta
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Ginko trees
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Cycadophyta
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Cycads
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Gymnosperm
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Pinecones
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Angiosperm
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Flowers (monocots/dicots)
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Zygomycota
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Bread mold
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Ascomycota
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Morels
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Claviceps
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Ergot
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Penicillium
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Penicillin
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Aspergillus
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Aspergillosis
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Basidiomycota
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Mushrooms
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Proifera
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Sponge
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Cnidaria
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Jellyfish
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Ctenophera
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Sea walnuts
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Platyhelminthes
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Flat worms (tapeworm)
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Molluska
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Mollusks (clams, scallops)
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Gastropoda
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Single-shelled (slugs)
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Nematoda
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Roundworms (hookworms, pinworms, heartworms)
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Annelida
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Segmented worms (earthworm, leech)
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Arthropoda
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Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, chilopods, diplopods)
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Chilopods
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Centipedes
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Diplopods
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Millipedes
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Echinodermata
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Spiny skinned animals (starfish)
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Chordata
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Fish, amphibians, mammals, birds, etc.
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Agnatha
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Jawless fish (lampreys, hagfish)
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Gnathostoma
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Jaw opening (frogs, dogs, humans, birds, etc.)
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Chondrichthyes
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Cartilaginous fish (sharks, stingrays, etc.)
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Cetacea
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Dolphins and whales
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Osteichthyes
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Bony fish (anchovies, catfish, guppy, etc.)
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Sarcopterygii
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Lobe-finned fish. Coelacanth is believed to be the transition animal between fish and common land animals
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Tiktaalik
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Transition animal between fish and common amphibians
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Amphibia
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Toads, salamanders, frogs
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Reptilia
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Turtles, lizards, geckos, alligators
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Aves
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Birds of reptilian ancestry. Fast/slow twitch is predetermined through inheritance
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Archaeopteryx lithographica
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Transition animal between reptiles and common birds
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Mammalia
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Furry creatures, provide milk for their young
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Prototherians
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Ancient mammals, some reptilian characteristics such as egg laying (platypus, spiny anteater)
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Metatherians
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Pouched mammals (marsupials): kangaroos, wombats, wallabies, tasmanian devils, opossum, etc.
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Eutherians
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Placenta use, dominant mammals on planet (humans, etc.)
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Rodentia
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Beavers, squirrels, rats, etc. Constantly growing teeth
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Insectivora
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Insect-eating. Shrews, mole, etc.
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Carnivora
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Cats, dogs, bears, humans, etc.
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Lagomorpha
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Rabbits
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Chiroptera
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Bats
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Sirenia
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Manatee, sea cows
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Artiodactyla
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Even-toed grazing animals (camels, hippos etc.)
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Perissodactyla
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Odd-toed grazing animals (zebra, horse, rhino, etc.)
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Xenartha
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"Alien joints" (armadillo)
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Primates
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Humans, monkeys, chimps, etc. Defining factor is opposable thumbs
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Human lineage
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Eukarya, animalia, chordata, vertebrata, mammalia, eutheria, primates, hominidae, homo, sapiens, sapiens
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GBIO 153H: EXAM 1