GBIO 153 H 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (January 26)Initial Discussion 1. Define ScienceOrganized body of knowledge that explains the way the universe works. Often includes understanding, investigation, and curiosity.CHARACTERISTICS of SCIENCE:-Attempts to explain and understand naturally occurring sciences-Based on observations (senses, etc.)-Search for regularities/ patterns-involves information processing-Ongoing and ever-changing; Celebrate the history of science-There is no room for superstition, prejudice, or mysticism2. What is the role of science and biology in society?We have a better understanding of the things around us. 3. Comment on Carl Sagan’s statements regarding the definition of science:A. Science invites us to let the facts in, even when they do not conform to our preconceptions.-Ignore the facts and preconceptions you may have understood previously in order to learn the truthB. Science encourages open-mindedness and embraces age-old ideas. -Don’t be prejudice. Keep an open-mind going into every situation or research.C. Science encourages skeptical scrutiny of everything.-Science encourages people to see it for themselves and make your own findings. D. Science is a way to call the bluff of those who pretend to have unsupported knowledge.- With respect, science encourages people to prove others wrong. E. Science is a bulwark against mysticism, superstition, and prejudice to knowledge itself.- Review Characteristics of Science above. F. Science requires vigilance, dedication, and courage. -Vigilance is required so that scientists never give up. 4. Differentiate between physical, earth, and life sciences. Physical science is the fundamental element of science often used to describe broad topics such as forces, gravity, light, etc. It is often covered in physics and chemistry. Earth sciences are often related to studies such as astronomy, geology, oceanography, climatology, meteorology, etc. The study of life sciences is directly involved with studying living organisms. This is often explored in the fields of biology, botany, zoology, biochemistry, etc.Lecture 2 (January 28) Initial Discussion Continued:5. Compare and Contrast science and technology.In a sense, Science is the tool and technology is the form of application.6. Why is science considered a unified endeavor?Science is the search for truth and understanding. It explains how things work. 7. Is spending great amounts of money to support science worth it?Yes, it is worth it. Not only because of knowledge, understanding and the exploration of truth, but also because of the spinoffs that derive from scientific experiments. For example, by having a greater understanding of oysters, scientists also better understand the formation of and treatments for Cystic Fibrosis. 8. Why have the science scores of Americans students plummeted over the last decade? For one, Society had become lazy and distracted. We, as a people have also become complacent with our lives. Also, the information from teachers to elementary, middle, and high school students is sometimes false or opinionated information.9. What can be done to improve the state of American science education?We need realistic education courses that also fit the needs of the teachers. Because grade school teachers are so influential of the future of children, they need to stay updated withtheir knowledge on the subject that they teach. 10. Describe recent events that will be science history tomorrow.Ebola, mutation of disease, stem cells, advancements in cancer treatment, Black Holes, drone delivery, 3D printing11. Discuss several misconceptions about science and scientists.Darwin is evil; science is boring. 12. Define biology. Describe several disciplines of biology.Biology is the study of life. Lecture 3 (February 2)Initial Discussion Continued13.Why is biology an integral part of every curriculum? Why is quality biology education so important?Biology is the study of life, therefore, it relates to everyone in every major.14. Discuss biological professions.Some biology professions include: Botany, ecologist, geologist, etc15. Discuss some “hot” issues in biology today.Ebola, 3D printing, etc. (Refer to question 10)16. Interpret the following:“Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge: it is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science.” Charles DarwinPeople who don’t necessarily have all of the true facts seem to boast the most.“The task of science is to simplify, not to glorify. The task of science is to seek truth and understanding, not to mystify. The task of science is to benefit humankind, not to destroy it. The task of humankind is to understand enough science to see that this happens.”It is our duty, as humankind, to protect our environment and universe. 17. Why is the cell considered a “little universe”? Describe several important components of a typical cell. Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell; source of aerobic respirationPlasma membrane- fluid mosaic modelCytoplasm-mostly water; inclusions; cellular debrisGolgi Apparatus- process, store, and release cellular productsER- smooth=detox; rough=lined with ribosomes, makes proteinsChloroplasts- contain chlorophyll; photosynthesis18. Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis- 6CO2+6H20C6H12O6+6O2Respiration- ATP+C6H12O6=6O26CO2=6H2O19. Why is cancer considered “cell division that has gotten out of control”?With cancer, the bad cells continue to grow20. Are we standing at the dawn of the age of genetic engineering?Events that prove that we do- cloning sheep, crick and Watson, etc.21. Discuss several pro’s and con’s of genetic engineering.Pros- curing disease, better products (plants and animals) bio-remediation, spin-offsCons- threatens human variety, biological warfare22. Define evolution.Simply, change over time23. How can we make sense of the diversity of the biological world?Evolution helps us to explain natural selection, etc24. Describe 3 pressing environmental issues at the global and local level.Louisiana eroding coastline, panasian pollution, invasive species, overpopulation, loss of habitatLecture 4 (February 9-11)Defining life and the Characteristics of life- Shares a common chemistry- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things (unicellular and