FCS 101: FINAL EXAM
120 Cards in this Set
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a persons visible physical characteristics
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phenotype
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during amniocentesis
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fluid is tested from the sac that contains the fetus
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the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome results in
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down syndrome
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the primary purpose of genetic counseling is to
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assist would-be parents in making procreation decisions
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HIV/AIDS is
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transmitted through breast milk or during a vaginal delivery more than during pregnancy
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a zygote that divides into two cells that separate results in
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monozygotic twins
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the procedure that poses the LEAST risk to the fetus is
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alpha-fetoprotein assay
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during menstruation
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the unfertilized egg is discharged
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teratogens
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environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus
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what factor determines the sex of a child
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the sex chromosome received from the father
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a women is considered ready to deliver
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when the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 centimeters
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which of the following is an argument that some make in favor of using midwives instead of traditional medicine for their birthing experience
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modern medicine is less personal of an experience
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why would a women have an episiotomy during childbirth
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to widen the vaginal opening
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the term neonate refers to
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the infant during the first month after birth
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a baby is considered premature
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if birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation
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which of the following children is most likely to show the greatest cognitive deficits and developmental delays
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a child weighing less than 3.3 pounds
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does early maternal contact soon after birth influence bonding
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researchers now view the hours after birth as just one element in a complex bonding process
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newborns show preference for which of the following
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sounds of speech they have heard before and their mother's voice
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nicole recently had her first child. afterwards, she felt somewhat depressed for about 10 days after which she felt her old self again. which of the following is true
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nicole likely had the baby blues
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floami has decorated her new born baby room in bright colors and painted colorful animals on the ceiling so that the baby will have something to look at when she is in her crib. what should flame know about her baby sensory abilities?
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the baby won't notice the animals, because she can only see objects about a foot away from her face
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the most dramatic gains in height and weight occur
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during prenatal development
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why is the head disproportionately large during infancy and childhood
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because the brain is essential for all other growth
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kiley a 5 month old infant refuses to eat and has not gained any weight in 2 months. kiley:
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may suffer from failure to thrive syndrome
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james is 2 months old. according to the principle of cephalocaudal development of the following behaviors which can he do well?
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hold his head up
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a child is holding a toy clumsily, using only his fingers and palm. this is an example of
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ulnar grasp
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the greatest gains in visual acuity occur
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from birth to 6 months of age
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johnny is 4 months old and his older brother gus is playing with him. gus holds up a bright red ball for johnny to look at but after a couple of minutes johnny stops looking and looks away when his brother attempts to capture his attention again with the ball. johnny has
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habituated to the ball
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dylan picks up an object he has not seen before. he immediately puts it in his mouth. dylans behavior is representative of which stage of cognitive development
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sensorimotor stage
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DC has learned that his ball is called a toy. when he sees a round lightbulb he calls it a toy. this is an example
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assimilation
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why might newborns possess an imitation reflex
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it contributes to caregiver-infant bonding, helps ensure survival of the newborn, may be due to mirror neurons in the human brain
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why do we test infants using the bayley scales of infant development
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to identify deficits such as early signs of sensory or neurological problems
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babbling
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appears between 6 and 9 months of age
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andrew was in the car listening to his favorite song, the circle of life from the lion king. when the song ended he said more this is an example of
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expressive language style
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whereas broca's area is involved in language____, wernicke's area is involved in language___
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production, comprehension
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christopher is 4 months old. he prefers to be held by his mother or father rather than relatives or people he's never met. in terms of attachment, in which of ainsworth's phases of christopher
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attachment-in-the-making phase
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a securely attached infant
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may or may not be well-adjusted as an adolescent depending upon other childhood events
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can attachment in humans fail to occur
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yes, but attachment bonds can be built later
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mallory and steve are parents of a difficult temperament infant. in response to the childs temperament, they become less available and less responsive. as a result, their child becomes more difficult to handle. this is an example of
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goodness of fit
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how stable is temperament
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moderately stable from infancy onward
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in terms of physical abuse which of the following is true
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girls are NOT more likely to be hit than boys, more parents have NOT hit their children with their fists than have spanked them, fathers are NOT more likely to be the aggressors than mothers
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in terms of height and weight gains during early childhood
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boys and girls become more slender and lose some baby fat
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what is meant by brain plasticity
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the brain can sometimes compensate for injuries
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throughout early childhood
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motor skills are very similar between boys and girls
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Nhu and joesph are chasing each other around the park and wrestling in the grass. this form of play is called
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rough-and-tumble play
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which of the following is important regarding nutrition during early childhood
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a well-balanced diet with plenty of healthy snacks and limited sweets and soft drinks should be provided as the eating habits established now can last a lifetime
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cailtin thinks that all people love dolls because she loves dolls. this is an example of
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egocentrism
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conservation requires understanding that
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properties of objects remain the same, even if you change their shape or arrangement
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marcario is trying to build a tower of blocks. his father carefully banks a layer while marcario places the next block. soon marcario can support each layer himself while placing the each block. this is an example of
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the zone of proximal development
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according to vygotsky what is inner speech
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the ultimate binding of language and thought
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when she speaks to her kitten, anais talks in a high pitch and uses short, soft words. when she talks to her friends, anais uses an adult tone. anais is demonstrating an understanding of
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pragmatics
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a self-reliant child is most likely to have been raised by
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authoritative parents
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providing children with knowledge that enables them to generate desirable behavior patterns is called
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inductive method
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another term for parallel, associative, and cooperative play is
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social
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bridgette and ben have created a game in which they race their bicycles though an obstacle course. according to pigaet this type of play is defined as
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formal games
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a child who cannot take someone else's perspective
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would be considered egocentric, probably more aggressive than his or her peers, assumes that everyone views the world the way he/she does
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research on very young preschoolers shows that the stronger children self-concept
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the more possessive of objects they tend to be
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by 2 years old children use words like good and bad which of the following perspective on moral development refers to an empathy based method for teaching children about the effects of their behavior
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psychoanalytic
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aggressive children appear to be
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less able to take the perspective of others
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childrens fears during early childhood focus LESS on which of the following
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loud noises and strangers
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which of the following is an accurate definition of gender stability
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recognizing that people retain their gender for a lifetime
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gains in height and weight ___ during middle childhood
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are fairly steady
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understanding that dogs can also belong in the category called animals is an example of
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class inclusion
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a key component of the information processing view of cognitive development includes
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selective attention processes
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why are certain disabilities such as ADHD often not noticed in children until the middle childhood years
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because that is when children enter school and are required to sit still and pay attention
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justin is 5 years old. he believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to the rules of the game. according to piaget what stage of moral development is justin in
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moral realism
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as children progress into middle childhood
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they become better at controlling their own behavior
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what happens to self-esteem throughout middle childhood
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it declines
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jared is 6 years old. he is experiencing nausea and vomiting each morning before school. jared may
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have seperation anxiety disorder
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which of the following influences how well prepared a child is to make the transition from home to school
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the diversity of the childs early life experiences
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teachers should
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communicate values and expectations
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which of the following is true about hormone levels in young men and women
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they tend to remain fairly stable for young men
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gina and david are both 12 years old. given what we know about adolescent height and weight growth spurts which would you expect to find
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gina is taller than david
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why might children from poorer, non-industrialized countries still be growing taller while those in industrialized countries are not
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medical care and nutrition continue to improve in non-industrialized countries
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clark has hit puberty earlier than his peers. what will be the likely outcome for clark
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he will be more confident and be more skilled at sports
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which of the following is true regarding nutritional needs during adolescence
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adolescents often do not get as much nutrition as they need
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what do we know about formal operations
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some people never reach this stage
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jeremy is 16 years old and drives recklessly. he tells his friends other people have accidents not me. this type of thinking represents
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personal fable
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which of the following is true about gender and cognitive abilities during adolescence
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males score higher on tests of visual-spatial ability
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alexis realizes that one does not have to believe in the truth or justice of something in order to argue for it. what can we assume about alexis?
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she is in the stage of formal operations, she is likely to be at least 12 years old, and she is able to use abstract and hypothetical ideas
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according to carol gilligan 1982 women score lower on kohlbergs stages of moral development because
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women have been socialized to make judgements based upon the needs of others
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an individuals identity is dependent upon the development of interpersonal relationships. what would ricks assume about this person
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that this person is female
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paula has always wanted to be a doctor. its what her mother and grandmother both are. she's never considered being anything else. according to marcia, which identity status does paula represent?
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foreclosure
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rejecting the dominant culture's values for those of the minority group
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may limit opportunities for advancement in the larger society
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which of the following is true about adolescence
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adolsescents develop a less idealized view of their parents, most conflicts between adolescents and parents are not severe, and most adolescents feel close to and get along well with their parents
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what accounts for the reduction in adolescent self-esteem between middle childhood and ages 12-13
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the cognitive maturity which allows one to be aware of discrepancies between ones real and ideal self
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which of the following are peers most likely to influence
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taste in clothing and music
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in comparison to adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do
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are likely to have fewer sexual partners, more likely to use contraceptives, and are more likely to delay the onset of sexual activity
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which of the following is true about teen pregnancies
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rates in the US have been declining for the past decade
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which of the following is true regarding the relationships between poverty, broken families, and juvenile delinquency
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poverty and broken families are risk factors for juvenile delinquency
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how many adolescents have attempted suicide at least once
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1 in 10
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which of the following is true regarding sensory abilities during early adulthood
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hearing of high pitches tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s
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juan is a tennis player(sprinter) miguel is a golfer(marathoner and archer) which statement below is correct
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miguel's athletic skills will peak in his late twenties or early thirties
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healthy behaviors
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are lacking for many during early adulthood
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research on the transmission of HIV/AIDS have shown
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the primary transmission mode is male-female sex
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which of the following is true about stress
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younger adults are more likely to respond to stress in unhealthy ways compared to older adults
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rape is most common among women ages
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16-24
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cognitive decline during adulthood typically
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affects fluid intelligence more than crystallized intelligence
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piaget proposed a stage of cognitive development referred to as post formal in which
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there is recognition that each persons experiences differ which results in unique ways of thinking
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thoughts of young adults are
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less egocentric than those of adolescents
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the textbook authors recommend which of the following strategies for benefitting from diversity in ones college
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embrace opportunities to learn about other cultures and viewpoints
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diana has finished college and is beginning a new job in a city far away from her parents home. she is continuing a process of _ and _
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individuation and seperation
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separation of the young from the family home
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occurs at different times and in different circumstances for many
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what makes someone attractive
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in one culture may be considered less attractive in a different culture
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reciprocity in relationships
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occurs when two members of a couple reinforce each others attraction through mutual compliments
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farrah and michael have had a relationship for five years and have found their love for each other which was initially extremely passionate has flowered into a strong relationship with equal parts of passion, commitment, and intimacy. their relationship would be considered to be
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consummate
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people who are single in their 20s
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are more likely to be postponing marriage today than a generation or two ago
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those who cohabit
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have less traditional views of marriage than others
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during the first year of a childs life
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marital satisfaction declines
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which of the following is about dual-earner families
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mothers are more likely to drop out of their jobs than fathers are when there are problems in the family
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which is true about the cost of divorce
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divorced people have higher rates of illness than married people
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during middle adulthood
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inter-individual variability is the rule
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reaction time
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increases because of a loss of neurons involved in sensing signals
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which of the following is true regarding physical development during middle adulthood
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it declines gradually for most people who exercise and eat well
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shoemaker finds that as she gets older she recalls most of her medical training and has built upon it in he medical practice but cannot recall the italian she learned when she was a student abroad. this shows___ of her cognitive development
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multidirectionality
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dan is a manager of an information technology company. he has two finalists for a job opening one is 45 and the other is 23 he should know the following before he makes his final decision about whom to hire
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middle-aged adults have more experience and practical knowledge than younger adults
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stanley and his wife never had children and now that he is in early 50s he feels something is missing from his life. according to eriksons psychosocial theory of development he
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became stagnant
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cassandra got divorced, lost her job, and had to move into a new apartment in a run down section of town. she believes that these set-backs are temporary. she likely will
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manage her stress better than someone who believes this situation would not change
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which of the following is true regarding the sandwhich generation
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middle aged children often have the burden of caring for young children and aging parents
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when adolescents are launched from their home
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parents still may influence their children choices or at least register their views on them
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research on friends during middle adulthood has shown
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social isolation is connected with poorer health
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FCS 101 Final