SOC 2010: FINAL EXAM
46 Cards in this Set
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The Economy
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•Social institution that organizes a society’s production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
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The Agricultural Revolution
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50X more productive
created surplus of food
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The Industrial Revolution
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1765, James Watt; changed economy in 5 ways
1. New sources of energy
2. Centralization of work in factories
3. Manufacturing and mass production
4. specialization
5. Wage LAbor
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The Information Revolution
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•changed the character of work
•From mechanical to literacy skills
•From factories to anywhere
•From tangible products to ideas
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Capitalism
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•Natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned.
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Is the U.S a true capitalist economy?
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no
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Socialism
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•Natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned.
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Commercial Advertising
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no lux items
more uniformity
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Welfare Capitalism
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•An economic and political system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs
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Professions
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•Theoretical knowledge
•Self-regulating practice
•Authority over clients
•Community orientation rather than self-interest
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Workplace Diversity
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Development of programs and policies that encourage effective and respectful working environments
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New IT and work
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•Computers are deskilling labor
•Computers are making work more abstract
•Computers limit workplace interaction
•Increased employer control
•Relocation
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Corporations
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•Most U.S. corps are small – Less than $500K
•About 2,500 corps with assets above $2.5B represent 80% of all corporate assets
•Exxon Mobil – 2009 revenue of $440B (tax rev by 43 states)
•Walmart – 2009 revenue of $400B
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Politics
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•The social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s goals, and makes decisions
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Power
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•the ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance from others
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Government
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a formal organization that directs political life of a society
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DEMOCRACY
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•a political system that gives power to the people as a whole
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Causes of war
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•Perceived threats
•Social problems
•Political objectives
•Moral objectives
•Absence of alternatives
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Fertillity
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the incidence of childbearing in a countrys population
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Mortaility
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the incidence of death in a country's population
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CBR
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crude birth rate
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CDR
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crude death rate
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Life expectancy
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the average life span in a country's population
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Migration
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the movement of people into and out of a specific territory
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Why increase in CBR and decrease in CDR?
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○Illiteracy and unawareness
○“Future earners” in rural areas
○Medical innovations and medicine
○Agricultural technology
○Standard of Living
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Reasons for low growth north
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1. high proportion of men and women in labor force
2. rising costs of raising children
3. trends toward later marriage and single-hood
4. widespread use of contraceptive and abortion
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High global growth south
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over populated poor southern hemisphere nations
poor societies account for 2/3 of the world's population
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structural functional approach
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identifies major family functions; socialization of the young
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Feminist Approach
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explore how the family perpetuates social inequality by transmitting divisions based on class, ethnicity, race and gender
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stages of family life
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1. courtship and romantic love
2. child rearing
3. the family in later life
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family
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a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children
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kinship
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a social bond based on common ancestry marriage or adoption
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nuclear family
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a family composes of one or two parents and their children
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family household types
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householder or 1 or more people
living together
related to householder
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Non-Family Household
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one person living alone
householder and non-relatives
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Why define Family?
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Practical benefits-health insurance
Legal and Economic Implications -who has rights
Protection- blood is thicker than water
Social Acceptance- suppose to love you no matter what
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Marriage
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– legal relationship, usually involving $ cooperation, sex, & children
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Extended Family
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a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin
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Endogamy
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marriage between people of the same social category
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Exogamy
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marriage between people of different social categories
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Monogamy
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marriage that unites 2 partners
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Polygamy
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marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses
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§Structural-Functional Analysis for family
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Socialization
Regulation of Sexual Activity
Social Placement
Material & Emotional Security
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Social Conflict and Feminist Analysis
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Property and Inheritance
Patriarchy
Race and Ethnicity
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Social Exchange Approach
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Courtship and marriage as a negotiation
Shop around and find the best ‘deal’
What do men bring to the table?
Women?
Changing how?
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Causes of Divorce
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Individualism
Romantic love gone
Women are less dependent
Stress
Socially acceptable
Legally easier
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SOC 2010: EXAM 1