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SOC 2010: FINAL EXAM
The Economy |
•Social institution that organizes a society’s production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
|
The Agricultural Revolution |
50X more productive
created surplus of food |
The Industrial Revolution |
1765, James Watt; changed economy in 5 ways
1. New sources of energy
2. Centralization of work in factories
3. Manufacturing and mass production
4. specialization
5. Wage LAbor |
The Information Revolution |
•changed the character of work
•From mechanical to literacy skills
•From factories to anywhere
•From tangible products to ideas
|
Capitalism |
•Natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned.
|
Is the U.S a true capitalist economy? |
no |
Socialism |
•Natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned.
|
Commercial Advertising
|
no lux items
more uniformity |
Welfare Capitalism |
•An economic and political system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs
|
Professions |
•Theoretical knowledge
•Self-regulating practice
•Authority over clients
•Community orientation rather than self-interest
|
Workplace Diversity |
Development of programs and policies that encourage effective and respectful working environments |
New IT and work |
•Computers are deskilling labor
•Computers are making work more abstract
•Computers limit workplace interaction
•Increased employer control
•Relocation
|
Corporations |
•Most U.S. corps are small – Less than $500K
•About 2,500 corps with assets above $2.5B represent 80% of all corporate assets
•Exxon Mobil – 2009 revenue of $440B (tax rev by 43 states)
•Walmart – 2009 revenue of $400B
|
Politics |
•The social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s goals, and makes decisions
|
Power |
•the ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance from others
|
Government |
a formal organization that directs political life of a society
|
DEMOCRACY |
•a political system that gives power to the people as a whole
|
Causes of war |
•Perceived threats
•Social problems
•Political objectives
•Moral objectives
•Absence of alternatives
|
Fertillity |
the incidence of childbearing in a countrys population |
Mortaility |
the incidence of death in a country's population |
CBR |
crude birth rate |
CDR |
crude death rate |
Life expectancy |
the average life span in a country's population |
Migration |
the movement of people into and out of a specific territory |
Why increase in CBR and decrease in CDR? |
○Illiteracy and unawareness
○“Future earners” in rural areas
○Medical innovations and medicine
○Agricultural technology
○Standard of Living
|
Reasons for low growth north |
1. high proportion of men and women in labor force
2. rising costs of raising children
3. trends toward later marriage and single-hood
4. widespread use of contraceptive and abortion
|
High global growth south |
over populated poor southern hemisphere nations
poor societies account for 2/3 of the world's population |
structural functional approach |
identifies major family functions; socialization of the young |
Feminist Approach |
explore how the family perpetuates social inequality by transmitting divisions based on class, ethnicity, race and gender |
stages of family life |
1. courtship and romantic love
2. child rearing
3. the family in later life |
family |
a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children |
kinship |
a social bond based on common ancestry marriage or adoption |
nuclear family |
a family composes of one or two parents and their children |
family household types |
householder or 1 or more people
living together
related to householder |
Non-Family Household |
one person living alone
householder and non-relatives |
Why define Family? |
Practical benefits-health insurance
Legal and Economic Implications -who has rights
Protection- blood is thicker than water
Social Acceptance- suppose to love you no matter what |
Marriage |
– legal relationship, usually involving $ cooperation, sex, & children |
Extended Family |
a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin |
Endogamy |
marriage between people of the same social category |
Exogamy |
marriage between people of different social categories |
Monogamy |
marriage that unites 2 partners |
Polygamy |
marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses |
§Structural-Functional Analysis for family |
Socialization
Regulation of Sexual Activity
Social Placement
Material & Emotional Security
|
Social Conflict and Feminist Analysis |
Property and Inheritance
Patriarchy
Race and Ethnicity |
Social Exchange Approach |
Courtship and marriage as a negotiation
Shop around and find the best ‘deal’
What do men bring to the table?
Women?
Changing how?
|
Causes of Divorce |
Individualism
Romantic love gone
Women are less dependent
Stress
Socially acceptable
Legally easier |