HIST 2112: Final Exam
29 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
NAACP
|
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
|
|
Brown v. Board of Education
|
a. Who: Oliver Brown along with 13 other parents
b. What: Attempted to enroll their students into a "white school."
c. When: 1914
d. Where: Topeka, Kansas
e. Why: Declared that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional.
|
|
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
|
a. Who: Martin Luther King Jr.
b. What: A letter addressed to his fellow clergymen
c. When: 1963
d. Where: From a Birmingham Jail
e. Why: Explaining the actions taken against him were just and that by him taking responsibility it shows that he respects the law and that it should be ju…
|
|
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
|
An organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation.
|
|
Massive Resistance
|
To "make a stand" against integration, policy declared by U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. on February 24, 1956 to unite other white politicians and leaders in Virginia in a campaign of new state laws and policies to prevent public school desegregation after the Brown v. Board of Education…
|
|
SNCC
|
To coordinate sit-ins and other forms of nonviolent protests. college kids participate in Civil Rights, stage sit-ins and such
|
|
Fannie Lou Hamer
|
spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention
|
|
Civil Rights Act, 1964
|
a. Who:
b. What: Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations.
c. When: 1964
d. Where:
e. Why:
|
|
Cuban Missile Crisis
|
a. Who:
b. What: Soviet missile sites found in Cuba
c. When: 1962
d. Where:
e. Why: Caused mass hysteria and paranoia throughout the U.S.
|
|
The Great Society
|
a. Who: Lyndon B. Johnson
b. What: Proposed legislation to address problems of voting rights, poverty, diseases, education, immigration, and the environment.
c. When: 1965
d. Where: State of the Union Address
e. Why: He believed his legislation would make the United States a Great S…
|
|
Tet Offensive
|
a. Who: Viet Cong and North Vietnamese
b. What: Surprise attack on U.S forces
c. When: Vietnamese New Year 1968
d. Where: Vietnam
e. Why: Turned the U.S opinion against the war.
|
|
Gulf of Tonkin
|
a. Who:
b. What: Gave President Lyndon B. Johnson " all necessary measures to repel armed attack"
c. When: 1964
d. Where:
e. Why: Started the Vietnam War
|
|
Vietnamization
|
a. Who: U.S and Vietnamese forces
b. What: U.S was slowly withdrawing while the Vietnamese forces began to take over the battle.
c. When: Throughout the Vietnam War.
d. Where: Vietnam
e. Why: To slowly pull out of the war, and maintain public opinion
|
|
Pentagon Papers
|
a. Who:
b. What: Defense Department's secret history of the Vietnam conflict.
c. When: leaked to the public in 1971
d. Where:
e. Why: Showed the government's "true colors"
|
|
Kent State
|
an Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4,1970, wounding nine and killing four
|
|
War Powers Act, 1973
|
a. Who:
b. What: Act requires president to seek congressional approval before sending troops abroad
c. When: 1973
d. Where:
e. Why: due to increased opposition to the Vietnam War
|
|
Port Huron Statement
|
1962; adopted by 60 students determined not to be a "silent generation," it was a broad critique of American society and called for more genuine human relationships; proclaimed a "new left" and formed the "Students for a Democratic Society" envisioning a nonviolent youth movement transfor…
|
|
Counterculture
|
a. Who: The Youth
b. What: The movement that rejected the values of the dominant culture and were in favor of illicit drugs, communes, free sex, and rock music.
c. When: 1960's
d. Where:
e. Why:
|
|
New Right
|
a response to the liberalism of the 1960's, against affirmative action, abortion, feminism,
|
|
The Feminine Mystique
|
Considered a wakeup call to women, Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, published in 1963, resulted in a social revolution. Friedan compared the life of a "happy housewife" living in suburbia, something that Friedan herself experienced in the 1950s, to life in a Nazi concentration camp.…
|
|
George Wallace
|
racist gov. of Alabama in 1962 ("segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"); runs for pres. In 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of racism and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot
|
|
Hugh Hefner
|
Created Playboy Magazine and brought sex out of the closet. His playboy philosophy was "if it feels good and doesn't hurt anyone, do it". This man and his magazine started the loosening of American morals.
|
|
Phyllis Schlafly
|
1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against the 60s
|
|
Richard Nixon
|
he was elected to be US President after Johnson decided to not to run for US president again. He promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soliders from South Vietnam
|
|
Watergate
|
1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached…
|
|
The Election of 1980
|
a. Who: Ronald Reagan
b. What: Won the election after Carter's approval rating fell to 21%
c. When: 1980
d. Where:
e. Why: Showed a new right movement.
|
|
Iran Hostage Crisis
|
In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days…
|
|
Iran-Contra Affair
|
a. Who:
b. What: Sold arms to Iran in order to secure the release of hostages in Lebanon and was ended with the Algiers Accord
c. When: 1985
d. Where:
e. Why: Congress had banned aid to the "contras"
|
|
Gulf War
|
a war fought between a coalition led by the United States and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders
|
Study Guide: Final Exam