HIST 2112: Test 1
52 Cards in this Set
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Proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
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lincolns view on reconstruction
"malice towards none and charity for all"
10% of voters (white men only) sign loyalty to US
abolish slavery
must renounce succession
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Andrew Johnson's reconstruction view
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presidential and radical reconstruction lasted 10 years
rich southerners must come to DC and sign loyalty oath in other to be back in US (representation & citizenship)
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Radical Reconstruction
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Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens
deeply apposed slavery before the war
Alexander Stevens was a confederate VP now back in congress supporting radical reconstruction
Thought needed to reconstruct south in a way that the confederacy would never rise again
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Black Codes
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Laws about blacks telling them what they can and can't do
laws passed in south by state government
ex: couldn't travel without permission from employer but they had to be employed
most to back to work for previous owners (sharecropping)
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sharecropping
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Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
Used to help recreate slavery in the south because most couldn't read and would sign contracts without knowing what it said because illi…
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13th, 14th, 15th amendment
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13- outlawed slavery
14- makes blacks US citizens
15- allows black men the right to vote
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freedmen's bureau
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by gov under direction of radicals
for newly freed slaves
education, food, supervising contracts b/t workers and previous white owners
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KKK
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intimidated black voters--they would "pay" if they voted
tar, feathered, lynched, hung
white southern republicans also targeted b/c wanted the south to stay the same as it was before the war
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Panic of 1873
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economic depression
they don't have sympathy for freed slaves because they are unemployed themselves (poor white ppl)
attention of country is no longer on the south
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Compromise of 1877
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The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S.
Rutherford B hayes (republican) loses popular vote to Tilden (democrat)
Hayes won electoral votes
make a deal saying Hayes will be president if they take troops out of the sout…
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4 characteristics of Euro-American Slavery
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cheap labor
considered property
permanent
racially based
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Radical Republicans
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prevent rise of conference by:
black men voting
not voting for former confederates
not voting for oppressors
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Yeoman Farming
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dream of freedman, dream on americans
independent farmers
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Homestead Act of 1862
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the government distributed cheap land to western settlers to encourage people to move west and start farms
why head west?
business opportunities
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corporate west
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first corporations out west
grazing cattle, railroads
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manifest destiny
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our divine right to expand west, "sea to shining sea"
can't be stopped, progress, technology (railroads, telegraph)
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eradication
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"to hell with all natives"
kill off natives because thought that God intended us to take the land
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assimilationist school
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the myth of the vanishing indian
basically a school for young native american boys to "americanize them" via haircuts, clothes, manners, education etc.
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Dawes Act of 1887
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divided reservations into 160 acres, one given to each family
government held land in trust for 25 years after that they were given citizenship
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failure of Dawes Act
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best land was given to whites and worst land given to natives
the land the natives got was infertile
natives restricted too much b/c used to hunting and gathering and didn't know who to farm
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time zones
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adopted b/c industrialism so whole country to account for when trains would be arriving
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industrialism
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effects everything people do
work, living, housing, location, entertainment
starts amusement parks
scary to ppl b/c world is changing, threatening
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Andrew Carnegie
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"philanthropy vs charity"
philanthropy is helping ppl in the long run by aiding their development (libraries, parks etc). Charity doesn't help b/c just gives money away to make yourself feel better
"if you take care of efficiency, profits take car of themselves"
humans sometimes pay th…
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monopolies
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complete control of supply
ex: carnegie controlled all aspects of production
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pro industrial law
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Santa Clara country v southern pacific railroad supreme court case
-decided corporation is considered a person in court
showed how big business was supported by gov legislation in this era
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social darwinism
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survival economics applied to economics
Carnegie doesn't agree b/c born poor
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3rd wave of immigration
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southeastern europeans and irish
different from rest b/c different culture
catholics, orthodox and jews
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why immigrate to US
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pushed out
famine
attracted to US for opportunity
immigrants often single men to earn money and then return home
1/3 of immigrants went home
once in most likely to go industrialized areas like midwest and northeast went where people from same country went
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tenements
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immigrant living situations
too crowded
disease
bad sanitation
high crime
18 ppl in 3 bedroom
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machine politics
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people running for office would do favors for votes
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Chinese exclusion act
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The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.
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Jacob Riis
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how the other half lives
photographer for tenants
"immigrants are what the tenements make them"
expose how poor the living conditions were for the immigrants
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taylorism
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scientific management for labor
hire them to help you increase efficiency in factories
watch method…minimize # of moves to perform task
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deskilling of labor
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factories took out the need for craft…no one has to be skilled anymore to create same product
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national labor union
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small
non aggressive
had to be craftsman to join
no bankers or politicians
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Great Railroad Strike 1877
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on strike b/c cut wages by 20%
brought transportation to halt
army was called to drive strikers off
tried to hire scab workers to fill positions but they were threatened by the previous workers who were on strike
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knights of labor
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10% of entire work population
very open to all workers unskilled female immigrants
bankers not allowed
radical goals: increased wages, fewer hours
wanted 8 hr movement
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8 hour movement 1886
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wants 8 hour work day
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hay market square riots 1886
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puts end to KOL
support of 8 hr movement
altercations b/t police and workers, some killed
potest breaking up, bomb goes off
used to say KOL are radicals, threat to public safety
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american federation of labor
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tried to be more respectable that KOL
eliminates unskilled workers, and radicals
rather negotiate than strike
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United Mine Workers of America ludlow massacre 1914
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miners go on strike
end up with mini war in mountains
strikers end up in gun battles with guards and management of the mine
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Industrial Workers of the World
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very radical, socialist
wobblies- nickname
get in trouble with the law all the time
shadowed by authorities
gets run out of time
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1892 Homestead Steel Strike
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Andrew Carnegie fights back
refused to do unions said they could personally confront him
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The rectangle of righteousness
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all midwest states are square
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populism
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another form of resistance to industrialism
farmers believed they were the backbone and in this party
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jeffersonian agrarianism
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farmers were ideal ideal citizens
didn't believe industry was compatible with democracy
industrialism threat to farmers
no democracy when there is dependency….bc factory workers have employers bc workers would vote to please employers to keep job
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industrialism threat to farmers
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corruption
financial trouble
debt
in trouble bc overproduciton
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monopolies-farmers
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railroads and banks
one RR transport monopoly
charge farmers outrageous prices to ship crops
local bank knows you're a farmer so raises interest rates bc they know you can't pay it back
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national farmers alliance
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KOL of the farmers
very popular
picnics, rallys, speakers to encourage ppl to join
saw working class in factories=ally
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national alliance plan
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"ocala demands"
national farmers alliance want:
graduated income tax
public ownership of RR
direct election of senators
subtreasury system: combo of grain elevator (store grain until prices are up) and finical institution
retaliating against industrialism expression of anxiety of t…
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Silver standard
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basically inflation
help people with debt
ppl in debt bc previously US money backed by only gold which was in short supply
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populist party
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same guy runs for president for both democratic party and populist party b/c democrats scared they would lose bc farmers were now populist and had previously been democratic
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Study Guide: Final Exam