WFSC 335: EXAM 1
78 Cards in this Set
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Ectoderm
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epidermis and associated structures
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Endoderm
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lining of digestive tract
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Mesoderm
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cells organized into tissues and organs lining of the body cavity
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Superficial Cleavage
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equal cleavage where the yolk materials are surrounded. Seen in centrolecthal eggs.
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Meroblastic Cleavage
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the yolk cells do not divide so that cleavage is unequal. This type of cleavage is generally seen in telolecithal and centrolecithal eggs
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Holoblastic cleavage
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the entire embryological mass divides including the yolk. This is characteristic of homolecithal eggs and is the most common mode of cleavage in the metazoan phyla
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Homolecithal eggs
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where the ovum contains evenly distributed yolk as is typical of the molluscs
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Telolecithal eggs
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the yolk eccentrically located as is seen in Cephalopods and some arthropods
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Centrolecithal eggs
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have the yolk centrally distributed as is common in insects and some crustaceans
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Unicellular
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Single celled organisms that carry out the same basic functions as multicellular organisms without having specialized cells organized into tissues and organs.
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Protoplasm
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The bulk of the protozoan which includes cytoplasm where catabolism occurs and the nucleus where anabolism occurs
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Cytoplasm
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The cellodial region which is found between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane. This region is composed primarily of protein and can, in general, be divided into two regions
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ectoplasm
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the corticle layer of protein and lipoprotein fibers which is generally in a gel state which forms the outer periphery of the protozoan
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endoplasm
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the inner medulary region which is typically in a solid state and contains all the basic organelles. This region is surrounded by the ectoplasm.
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Nucleus
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Prominent membrane-bound sac containing the chromosomes and providing physical separation between transcription and translation.
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Endosome
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A nucleolus-like structure found within the vesicular type of nucleus of protozoans that does not disappear during mitosis.
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Organelle
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A specialized membrane-bound part in a protozoan that performs some special function.
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Mitochondrium
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An organelle which contains the enzymes of respiration (TCA Cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation). Characteristically these have cristae present which are a complex forced network to provide surface area for respiration reactions
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Microsome
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Concentrations of enzymes for protein synthesis in area ribosomes or endoplasmic reticulum
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Golgi Bodies
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Sac-like areas of lipid phosphorous and enzymes concentrations. It is responsible for secretion and packaging of certain materials for distribution into the cytoplasm of the cell
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Plastids
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Any of several forms of a self-replicating semi-autonomous "plant" cell organelle, a chloroplast specialized for photosynthesis, a chromoplast specialized for pigmentation or a leucoplast specialized for starch storage
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Pyrenoids
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Bodies associated with chromataphores which appear to function in starch formation
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Chloroplasts
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A plastid containing chlorophyll.
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Myoneme
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A protein-lipid fiber in the cell membrane and cell involving contractibility
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Cytostome
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Mouth-like structure which is responsible for taking materials into the cytoplasm of some protozoans
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Cytopyge
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A fixed location on surface of certain protozoans from which wastes are discharged by exocytosis.
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Contractile Vacuole
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A fluid filled membrane-bound body in the cytoplasm of protozoans responsible for osmoregulation and to some extent waste removal.
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Food Vacuole
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Membrane-bounded organelle involved in the digestion of food particles.
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Trophozoite
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Vegetative, feeding and growing stage of a protozoan, often termed a "troph" for short.
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Cyst
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Resting stage of a protozoan for protection against the environment. Sometimes reproduction and regeneration or nuclear reorganization may occur in the cyst
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Stigma
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Light-perceiving organelle in photosynthetic flagellates and a few colorless species usually contains a reddish pigment
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Paramylon and Leucosin
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Carbohydrate storage products in protozoans
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Osculum
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The large excurrent opening of a sponge.
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Spicule
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A small supportive spike-like structure found in sponge skeletons
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Choanocyte
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A flagellated collar cell found in sponges.
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Spongocoel
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The main interior body cavity of a simple sponge.
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Mesoglea (mesohyl)
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A gelatinous material and its associated elements in the body wall of sponges and between the epidermal layer and the gastroderm in radiate animals
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Amoebocyte
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An amoeboid wandering cell found in sponges.
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Archeocyte
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A wander cell capable of differentiating into any of several cell types in sponges.
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Atrium
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Same as spongocoel.
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Incurrent canal
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Passageway through the external cortex which precedes the prosopyles of advanced sponges
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Spongin
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A meshwork of protein fibers in the "skeleton" of advanced sponges
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Amphiblastula
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A sponge larva with anterior, externally flagellated micromers and posterior macromers.
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Prosopyle
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A small intercellular space preceding the canal system of sycenoid and leuconoid sponges
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Apopyle
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The excurrent opening of a choanocyte chamber in leuconoid sponges
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Parenchymella
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The larva form of a leuconoid sponge.
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Ostium
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A small incurrent opening of a sponge.
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Gastrovascular cavity
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The cavity of coelenterates, ctenophorans and flatworms which opens to the outside only by way of a mouth and serves as a digestive system, circulatory system and coelom
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Tentacles
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An elongated, flexible, fleshy, sometimes branched process born by animals, usually in groups or pairs on the "head" or surrounding the mouth. These structures serve as a tactile or prehensile organ.
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Mesoglea
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The loose, gelatinous middle layer of the body of sponges and coelenterates situated between the ectoderm and endoderm.
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Diploblastic
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Having two primary germ layers without a true mesoderm
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Gastrodermis
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The tissue layer which lines the coelenteron in radiate animals
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Medusa
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The motile, free-swimming jellyfish body type of coelenterates
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Polyp
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The typical sessile form of a coelenterate
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Aboral
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The surface of certain invertebrates, such as jellyfish, which is situated away from the mouth.
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Hypostome
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The oral cone of some coelenterate gastrozoids and arthropods
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Cnidocytes
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A type of cell located throughout the epidermis of cnidarians which contain stinging or snaring structures
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Asexual bud
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A bud-like structure formed by asexual reproduction of multicellular animals producing a new individual
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Basal disc
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The basal region of attachment of polyp body forms to a substrate.
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Nematocysts
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One of the minute stinging cells of coelenterates, usually composed of a hollow thread-like structure coiled inside a capsule and an external hair trigger
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Gonozoid
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Reproductive polyp of hydrozoans and other coelenterates
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Gastrozoid
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Feeding or digestive polyp of colonial hydrozoans.
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Planula
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The early, ciliated, free-swimming larva of coelenterates
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Actinula
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Specialized hydrozoan larva released from medusa. This larval stage settles to the bottom to form a new colony
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Gonophore
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A medusa bud that produces gametes but never separates from the colony on which it forms.
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Manubrium
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A tubular or bell-shaped mouth-bearing extension of the subumbrellar surface of a coelenterate medusa.
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Statocyst
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A cell containing one or more statoliths used as a sense organ of equilibrium, orientation and movement in invertebrates. balance organs of some lower invertebrates such as the cnidarians
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Velum
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A thin circular flap which extends inward from the bell margin of hydrozoan medusae.
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Ocellus
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A rudimentary "eye" containing pigmented photosensitive cells
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Subumbrella
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Underneath region of the bell of a coelenterate
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Rhopalium
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A compound sense organ in scyphozoans, containing an ocellus, a statocyst which is tactile and chemoreceptive
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Oral arm
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one of four frilly arm-like structures extending out from the mouth of a scyphozoan medusa
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Ephyra
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The stage which is produced by the scyphistoma in scyphozoans which matures into the adult medusa.
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Scyphistoma
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The polyp stage in a scyphozoan life cycle which strobilate ephyrae.
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Strobila
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A stack-like life cycle stage of scyphozoans which is composed of strobilating ephyrae
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Colloblast
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Specialized capturing or adhesive cells of ctenophorans
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Paragastic Canal
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Anteriorly projected branches of the infandibulum of ctenophorans.
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Infandibulum
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Central reservoir of the gastrovascular cavity of a comb jelly
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WFSC 335: EXAM 2