PSYCH 100: EXAM 1
30 Cards in this Set
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Schema
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Category for understanding
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Assimilation
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How things are similar; incorporate new experiences into the existing set of schemas; notice similarities
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Accommodation
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How things are different > modify understanding; modify or add schemas to make sense of new info
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Piaget's Stages of Development
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
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Sensorimotor
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Thought dominated by sensations and motor responses; age 1-2; begin to learn language
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Object Permanence
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Out of sight, out of mind; occurs in sensorimotor stage; ex/peekaboo
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Preoperational
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Child learns object permanence, language; begins to use mental representations (pretend play); does not understand mental operations/logic; age 2-6;
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Egocentrism
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The inability to take another's point of view
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Concrete Operational
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Child can think logically about real objects, understands reversibility, adopt POV, consider multiple dimensions at the same time, reorder objects; cannot apply logic to hypothetical situations; age 7-11
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Formal Operational
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Child can apply logic to hypothetical situations, make abstract logical predictions, capable of mature moral reasoning; age 12-adult
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Jean Piaget
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Greatly influenced research about cognitive development
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Rove-Collier
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3 month old babies moved foot with ribbon attached to a mobile = cause and effect
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Nurture
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Inborn, biological factors
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Nurture
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Experimental, environmental factors
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Genes play a large role in:
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Personality, cognitive abilities, psychological disorders,
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Attachment
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An emotional tie with another, an emotional bond between child and caregiver
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Critical period for attachment
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1 year
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Sensitive, responsive caretakers
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Securely attached children
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Insensitive unresponsive caretakers
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Insecurely attached children
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Cold, rejecting parents
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Avoidant attachment, no real bond
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Ambivalent and inconsistent parents
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Anxious-ambivalent attachment
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Securely attached children feel...
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World is reliable; basic comfort and trust in world; curiosity/explorative behavior; cooperation, obedience
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Deprivation of attachment means...
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Neglected, abandoned, abused babies; withdrawn, scared; impaired cognitive development
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Laurence Kohlberg
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Extended Piaget's work to include teenagers and adults; interested in reasoning
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Piaget's Findings
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Preeschoolers do not consider intentions, they consider the amount of damage; older children consider intentions
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Conventional
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Societal
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Kohlberg's 3 Levels of Moral Reasoning
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Preconventional (pre-societal), conventional (societal), postconventional (past society)
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Preconventional
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Focus on self interest; avoid punishment, get reward
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Conventional
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Focus on pleasing others; avoid disapproval; do your duty
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Postconventional
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Focus on universal moral principles; focus on rights, freedoms, respect, justice
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PSYCH 100: EXAM 1