PSY 370: CHAPTER 12: NEO FREUDIANS
52 Cards in this Set
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Psychoanalysis
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The mind is made of separate parts that function independently and can conflict with each other.
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Id
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The psychological reservoir of our instincts: irrational and emotion
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Ego
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Rational
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Superego
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Internalized moral standards
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Balance theory
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balance of id, ego, superego: makes for the best personality: Freud
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Compromise formation:
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The ego's main job, used in modern psychoanalysis
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Libido
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Psychoanalysis: the mental or psychic energy used by the mind. The amount of energy is fixed in finite. Some implications are not supported by research: expression of anger.
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Moral controversy on psychoanalysis
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Do not like emphasis on sex and sexual energy
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Scientific controversy on psychoanalysis:
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Theory is unscientific, cannot be seen or proven.
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Controversy of psychoanalysis on a personal level:
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People do not want to be told why they really did something, especially when you are correct.
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Doctrine of Opposites
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Everything requires its opposite (life needs death, happiness needs sadness, etc.)
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Freud's psychological development focuses:
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Psychic energy and how it is used, stage theory of development. Aspects of each stage, physical focus, psychological theme, adult character type. Fixation and regression
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Freud's Oral Stage
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-birth to 18 months
-Physical focus: mouth, lips, & tongue
-Psychological theme: dependency
-only the ID exist
-Two ways things can go wrong: needs are not fulfilled or needs are fulfilled instantly and automatically
-Adult character type: too independent vs. passive
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Freud's Anal Stage:
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-18 months - 3 years
-Physical focus: anus and organs of elimination
- Psychological theme: self-control and obedience
-Development of the ego
-Two ways things can go wrong: unreasonable expectations and never demanding control of urges
-Adult character type: over controlled vs. unde…
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Freud's Phallic Stage:
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3.5-7 years old
Phsycial focus: sexual organs
Basic Task: coming to terms with basic sex differences and their implications
Oedipus complex: desire for mother, jealously towards father
Gender, identity, sexuality
Development of morality, and superego
Adult character type: rigid mora…
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Latency
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7- puberty
a break on development
A focus on learning the tasks of childhood
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Freud's Genital Stage
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Puberty on...
Physical focus: genitals, sexuality in the context of a mature relationship
Focus on creation and enhancement of life
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3 levels of consciousness
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1. Conscious mind (least important, some of the ego)
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious (all of the id, superego, and some of the ego, most important)
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Preconscious
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A portion of the mind that is part of the unconscious, but it is a part that can easily be made conscious. Accessible portions of memory are part of the preconscious. It is like a holding area for the memories of a functioning consciousness.
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TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
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three regions: uncon. precon. con.
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Alfred Adler
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Came up with Inferiority Complex
Believed we all had anxiety and that we all strive for superiority. Believed Freud focused too much on sex.
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Organ inferiority
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implies that someone who felt physically weak as a child will strive for physical strength as an adult, that one who feels stupid will grow into an adult obsessed with with being smarter than everyone else and so on. (Alfred Adler)
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Masculine protest
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Desire of an adult to act and become powerful, because of feeling inadequate or inferior as a child. Overcompensating behavior. Also experienced by women. (alfred alder)
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Collective unconsious
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Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
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archetypes
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Core ideas of how people think about the world, both consciously and unconsciously. Ex: Earth mother, hero, devil, supreme being. Appears in dreams, fantasies, mythology, and modern literature. (Carl Jung)
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Persona
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Social mask one wears in public dealings. (Carl Jung). Everyone's is false to some degree. A danger of this is that they can begin to relate more to their ____ than to their real self.
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Anima
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the idea or prototype, of the female, as held in the mind of a male.
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Animus
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the idealized image of the male as held in the mind of a female.
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Karen Horney
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Disagreed with "penis envy" and women's desire to be male.
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Basic Anxiety
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The fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world. Influences adult behavior.
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neurotic needs
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Needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable. (the desire to be loved by everyone)
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Erik Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development
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1. Basic Trust vs. mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. Initiative vs. guilt
4. Industry vs. inferiority (8-12 years)
5. Identity vs. identity confusion (adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood)
7. Generatively vs. stagnation (middle age)
8. Integrity vs. des…
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Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
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Learn whether needs will be met, ignored, or overindulged. Development of hope and confidence
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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Child begins to control bowels and other bodily functions, learns language, and begins to receive orders from adult authorities, pressure the child to obey. Figuring out who is in charge.
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Initiative vs. guilt
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Anticipating and fantasizing about life as an adult. Develop a sense of right and wrong
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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Ages 8-12. Develop skills and abilities to succeed in the world of work and contribute to society. Must begin to control imagination and unfocused energy
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Identity vs. Identity Confusion
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Adolescence. Figure out who I am and what is important. Choose consistent, meaningful, and useful values and goals.
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Young adulthood. Find an intimate partner
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Generatively vs. Stagnation
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Middle age, turn concerns to the next generation or become passive.
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Integrity vs. despair
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Old age, brought on by the prospects of death, baed on feelings about one's life.
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Objects:
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emotionally important people
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Object relations theory
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We relate to others via the images of them in our minds. The images do not always match reality
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4 principles of object relations theory
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1. every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration
2. mix of love and hate
3. distinction between the parts of the love object and the whole person
4. the psyche is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings
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Play therapy
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Allows the symbolic expression of emotions: split of love objects into good and bad parts. (neurotic defenses)
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Transitional objects
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Winnicott. objects that bridge the gap between the child's dependance on its mother and its need to progress to independence. Teddy bears, blankets, and other cuddly things are often these objects.
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The false self
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used to please others, prevents exposure of the true self.
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John Bowlby saw attachment as:
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the basis of love, based on evolutionary theory, desire to protection leads to attachments, based on childhood experiences. Lessons learned by the child from early experiences with adult caregivers.
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Mary Ainsworth developed the
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strange situation task
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Anxious-ambivalent attachment:
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Caregivers and inconsistent.
Tend to cling to people, which drive people away. Leading people to more feelings of hurt, anger & insecurity
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Avoidant attachment
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Rebuff caregivers attempt for contact and reassurance. As they grow older, they develop an angry self- reliance and a a cold, distant attitude toward other people.
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Secure Attachment
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Easily soothed, actively explore environment. Confident faith in themselves and their caregivers. Positive attitude carries over into their other relationships.
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5 Neo-Freduian propositions that are firmly established and supported:
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1. Much of mental life is unconscious
2. The mind does many things at once and can be in conflict with itself
3. Events of childhood shape adult personality
4. Relationships formed with significant other people establish patterns that are repeated
5. Psychological development involves…
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PSY 370: CHAPTER 14: CULTURAL PSYCH