SOCI 1160: FINAL EXAM
71 Cards in this Set
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illiteracy in the world
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800 million of the world’s adults, about 1 in 4, are illiterate.
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Functional illiteracy
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The inability to read and write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities [interpreting plane tickets, charts, graphs]
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Industrial Revolution
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did illiteracy start to be defined as a social problem
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intimate violence against women
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85%
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intimate violence against men
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22%
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male-female violence vs. female-male violence
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can't be compared
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Stage 1 of intimate violence
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Tension Building
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Stage 2 of intimate violence
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Violence
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Love/Forgiveness
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Stage 3 of intimate violence
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1997 Welfare Reform Act
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[SCHIP] State's Children Health Insurance Program [peachcare]: family makes above pov. line but can't afford child health insurance
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Managed Care
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primary form of insurance [HMO]
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Americans with private insurance
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belong to managed care health insurance plan
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2006 __% Americans had health insurance
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84.2%
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2006 __% Americans did NOT have health insurance
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15.8%
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1/3 family incomes in 2006 were $__,___
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$40,000
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__% of full-time workers were uninsured in 2006
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18%
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Reason for half of U.S. bankruptcy
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medical insurance causes this
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Income cap
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for all categories of people, the higher the risk of poverty, the lower the
educational achievement
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white flight
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Consequence of busing: white families moved to the suburbs
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Linda Espinosa’s article “English-Language Learners as They Enter School”
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well-designed programs can reduce the achievement gap for
children from diverse backgrounds
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No Child Left Behind
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the most significant education to be passed in generations.
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health care expenditure in the United States
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1960: $142.00 Now: over $6,000 for each American
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Functionalist Perspective of HEALTHCARE
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“sick roll"; maintain the well-being of societal members and of the social system as a whole; healthcare leads to social change
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Conflict Perspective of HEALTHCARE
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Focuses on how wealth, status, and power and the profit motive influence illness and health care
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Interactionist Perspective of HEALTHCARE
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There are no illnesses or diseases in nature (medicalization)
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Medicalization
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when a particular behavior or condition deemed immoral was transformed from a legal into a medical that required
treatment.
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acute disease
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fairly quick onset from which a person either dies or recovers
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chronic disease
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progress over a period of time and exist long before detected [heart disease and cancer
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industrialization and mortality
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infants have a better chance of surviving today because of medical advance. and life expectancy is increasing
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preventive medicine
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changes in lifestyle or other steps that help avoid the occurrence of disease
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crisis medicine
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[modern medicine is organized around this] treating people's illness after they become ill
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socioeconomic status in health and illness
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those who are lower on factors have higher disease and death rates than affluent counterparts
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race in health and illness
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on going problems of discrimination, demanding occupations, stress which makes minorities more susceptible to illness and health problems
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lifestyle factors in health and illness
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occupational stress and unemployment link to physical and mental disorders
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sex & gender [crime]
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The single social factor that is most predictive of patterns of criminal behavio
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crime statistics. today vs. earlier decades
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According to FBI crime statistics, the crime rate in the United States is far higher today than it was in earlier decades.
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recidivism
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The repeat of an offense after having been convicted of a crime
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Alcohol is NOT a stimulant
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Alcohol is NOT a stimulant
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tolerance [drugs]
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the need for higher doses of a drug to acheive the same effect.
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Alcoholism
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the personal, social, and health consequences of consuming a certain amount of alcohol.
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Alcohol
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constitutes the most severe drug problem in the United States
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Obtaining marijuana puts a person in contact with people who know how to obtain and use other drugs.
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Obtaining marijuana puts a person in contact with people who know how to obtain and use other drugs.
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cross-dependence
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the withdrawal symptoms of one drug are alleviated by another drug in the same pharmacological class
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cross-tolerance
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a tolerance built up to one drug leads to a reduced response to another drug in the same pharmacological class.
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social characteristics associated with alcoholism
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sex/gender [men] ,socioeconomic status [low income] ,religion [catholics], age [18-34]
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amotivational syndrome [weed]
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lack of goals, apathy, sluggish mental responses, and mental confusion
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Stimulants
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drugs whose major effect is to stimulate the central nervous system [cocaine]
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Depressants
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depress the central nervous system along with having some painkilling properties. [alcohol]
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Narcotics
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drugs whose main use is painkillers [heroin, opium, morphine, etc.]
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Hallucinogens
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drugs that produce hallucinations [LSD]
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Biological explanation of drug use
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if parents are alcoholic, child is 6X more likely to become alcoholic
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Psychological explanation of drug use
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if drug use feels good, user will continue. [memories of using drugs]
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Functional Perspective of DRUG USE
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when people are taught through socialization process to pursue certain socially approved goals but denied access to socially approved means of achieving
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Conflict Perspective of DRUG USE
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some groups benefit from drug abuse problem; drug abuse is shaped by the exercise of social, political, and economic power
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Interactionist Perspective of DRUG USE
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drug use and abuse arises from the social influences and pressures that can be found in particular contexts
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Addiction
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a physical or psychological craving for a drug
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Dependency
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a state in which a person’s body has adjusted to regular use of a drug. Can
include physical or psychological.
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18th Amendment
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prohibition
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35% of violent victimizations involve an offender who had been drinking
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35% of violent victimizations involve an offender who had been drinking
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Biological explanation of crime
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some are biologically less capable of conforming their behavior to conventional norms
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Psychological explanation of CRIME
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childhood; personality;
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Functionalist Perspective of CRIME
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weakening of social bonds contributes; Anomie Theory: inconsistencies and contradictions in the social system contribute to many forms of crime; Control Theory: chances of delinquency can be reduced if youngsters maintain commitments to parents etc
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Organized Crime
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Organized Crime
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White-collar crime
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White-collar crime
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Victimless crime
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gambling, drug violations, prostitution
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Juvenile Delinquency
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committed a crime or violated a juvenile code
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Strain Theory
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social structures within society may encourage citizens to commit crime
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Control Theory
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behavior is caused not by outside stimuli, but by what a person wants most at any given time
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Labeling Theory
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deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the linguistic tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant fromnorms.
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Conflict Perspective of CRIME
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legal and criminal justice systems are geared to benefit the dominant groups in society
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Interactionist Perspective of CRIME
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why a person commits crime
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SOCI 1160: EXAM 2