Greek ReligionMyth = story with truths or meanings to tell usCategories of traditional storiesVocabulary:TheoriesWhere Humans came from:Ovid and Hesiod said there were stages of manInterpreting mythTime PeriodsCivilizationsBasic Geography = MediterraneanOlympians getting it on:Zeus’ encounters with mortals:More people to kno!Hesiod’s and Aeschylus’ stories of PrometheusStory of PandoraJudgment of ParisGreek Religiono Polytheistic (gods and goddesses)o Warship at altars, shrines, and temples with animal and vegetable sacrifices Parthenon Temple of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Apollo at Delphi Myth = story with truths or meanings to tell uso Homer 8th cen BC - myth = trutho Pindar 6th cen BC - myth can be true or falseo Plato 5-4th cen BC – myth maybe trueo Aristotle 4th cen BC – myth = false, logos = truthCategories of traditional storieso Divine myths –gods are main characters They have anthropomorphic qualities “human like”o Legends – humans are main characters May be the hero, a demi godo Folktales – about a human, probably underdogo Folk motif – ie wicked stepmothers, youngest child as hero, etcVocabulary:o Nectar/ Ambrosia – drink and food of godso Ichor – blood of godso Styx – river into underworld, gods cannot break promise made hereo Chthonic – “of the earth”o Etiological – story that explains origins of somethingo Deus ex Machina – when a god swoops in and saves the dayo Omniscience – all knowingo Omnipotent – all powerful Theorieso Hesiod – Theogony, Works and Days Ultimate misogynist, women are companions of evil workso Aristophanes – all humans came from birdso Platoo Ovid – No source for god Nature was chaos, god sorted things outWhere Humans came from:- Ovid and Hesiod said there were stages of mano Gold – best time for humans to be alive, died peacefully in sleep -> went into earth, Kronos was rulero Silver – humans did not worship gods so Zeus wiped them outo Bronze –made by Zeus, always going to war with each other, everyone went to Hadeso Heroes – demigods made by Zeus, went to land of blessed (*not described by Ovid)o Iron – miserable, filled with toil and woeInterpreting myth- Full of symbolism and allegory, historical allegory- Early modern theories:o Enlightenment- rational ie Christian church warningso Romanticism – antirational ie - Psychological theorieso Freud: sex, dream-worko Jung: collective unconscious, archetypes- Anthropological theories: o Frazer - o Malinowski – myths are social charterso Burkert – myth reflects culture, but don’t take out of context- Linguistic theories:o Levi-Strauss – myth is code of communicationTime Periodso Bronze Age – When characters from Homer’s stories livedo Iron Age “Dark Ages”  When Homer wrote down stories for first time Iliad, odysseyo Archaic Hesidod Theogony, some Homeric hymnso Classical When most temples, art, sculptures assisiated with “ancient Greece” were madeo Hellenistico Roman –  Odiv, MetemorphosesCivilizationso Minoan – Bronze Age of Crete King Minos ruled over Knossos Linear A writingo Mycenaean – Bronze Age of Greece Linear B writing (ancient text w/ references to gods)o Helladico Cycladico Trojan Basic Geography = MediterraneanPylosOlympiaMycenaeMt OlympusTroyAthensPhestosKnossosTheogony – written by Hesiod, one poem which explains genealogy of the gods- Kronos is afraid of prophecy against him so he eats his kids wholeo Rhea plots against him, swallows stone instead of Zeuso Zeus is hidden at Mt. Dikte in Creteo Later Kronos throws up kids Zeus releases the Titans (his uncles) whom Ouranos had bound, and they give him thunder and lighting- War in Theogony:o Titanomachy – Zeus overthrows Kronos Has help from Themis (justice), Hecatonchires, and Cyclopso Gigantomachy – Zeus overthrows giants and monsters - Zeus hides Titans in dark, moldy, terrifying cavern of Earth Kills Typhoeus (snake monster born to Gaia and Tartaros)- Rise of Zeus Other Gods asked him to be their king shown as clear communicator, generous, and fair – if you’re with him you’ll be rewarded, but don’t go against himGeneology of Primordial Beingso Out of Chaos (a void) comes: Nyx – night Gaia – Earth Erebus – gloom of underworld Tartarus – space of underworld Eros – lust/ sexo Without a mate, Gaia has Ouranos – the mountains Pontus – the sea Uranus – the heavenso Uranus + Gaia – (the sacred marriage of heaven & earth), Line 154, shows women as deceptive, theory of boys want to kill fathers Kronos Rhea Cyclopes Hecatonchires (Hundred armed ones) Iapetos Mnemosyne Oceanus Tethys Echidna Hyperion 12 titans- Kronos won’t let Titans be born (keeps them inside Gaia)- Gaia makes a sickle and gives it to Kronos, convinces him to castrate Ouranoso Out of Ouranos’ castration comes: Aphrodite - foam the Furies Giants- Gaia + Tartaruso Typhono Gaia + Pontus have marine offspring/monsters including: gorgons Graeae/Graiai – 3 sisters who share 1 tooth and 1 eye Medusa – lover of Poseidon, slain by Perseus- Mother of Pegasus and Chrysaor (monster)o Grandchildren of Chrysaor: Theban Sphinx Lernaean Hydra Nemean Lion Cerebus (3 headed hound of Hades) Chimerao Oceanus + Tethys 1000’s of oceanidsoo Nereus + Doris Nereids Thetis - justice Galatea (married to Acis) Amphitrite (married to Poseidon)o Nyx has many scary offspring (warning, don’t go out at night!), including: Moirai – The 3 Fates Eris – Discordo Nyx + Erebus Aether Hemerao Iapetos and Okeanos (a titan) have Prometheus- Goes against Zeus and gives fire to mortals- Zeus ties him up and has an eagle feed on his liver every day until Herkales frees him Atlas- Goes against Zeus and is sentenced to hold up the world for all eternity Epimetheus – receives Pandora, the molded virgin- Kronos + Rhea have the Olympianso Hestia – home and heartho Demeter – graino Hera – marriageo Hades – underworldo Poseidon – the seao Zeus – king of gods/ god of godsOlympians getting it on:o Zeus + Hera Hebe Ares Eiethyiao Zeus + Metis Athenao Zeus + Themis (justice) Horai/Horae – seasons Morae - fates Eunomia Dike Eireneo Zeus + Eurynome Charities / Graceso Zeus + Demeter Persephoneo Zeus + Mnemosyne Museso Zeus + Leto Apollo Artemiso