48 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following is one possible reason for the difference in the two countries that share the island of Hispaniola?
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Haiti's high mountains are rugged making land unsuitable for agriculture, whereas DR's topography consists of broad valley plains and plateaus
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Which country discussed in class was once the richest European colony but is now the poorest country in the western hemisphere?
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None of the above (Haiti)
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Although Hispaniola was almost fully forested prior to European settlement, today only ___ of Haiti and ____ of DR is forested.
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1%; 28%
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According to Collapse, the country today with the highest relative amount of land in natural reserve (34% of the country and 74 parks) in the Americas is:
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DR
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The ____ left a legacy of depleted resources, high slave population, and deforestation on Hispaniola.
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French
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The Dr President who was brutal and selfish but also helped build the economy and infrastructure before Balaguer was:
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Rafael Trujillo
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When traveling from west to east, what is the order of the three islands?
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mangareva, pitcairn, henderson
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After 1500 AD, trade between the islands of Henderson, Pitcairn, and Mangareva stopped. Which of the following is the most plausible reason?
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Canoes could no longer be constructed for travel due to deforestation
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The island that traded oyster shells, pigs, taro, and crops to the other two islands, and was able to survive by lowering their standard of living after trade stopped was:
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Mangareva
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Which island had shallow waters nearby with lobsters, crabs, fish, shellfish, providing a great place for an afternoon picnic or for a brief vacation feasting on seafood, birds, and turtles, but had no reliable freshwater sources and so supported the fewest number of residents of the 3 is…
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Henderson
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Why was trade so important between the islands?
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all the islands lacked some resources to support human population, such as stone for tools, or large trees to make canoes, so trade between the islands enabled the other islands to get needed resources
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The Anasazi used floodwater agriculture as a conservation technique; floodwater agriculture can be described as which of the following?
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All of the above
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The Anasazi were located in what is today known as:
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the southwestern US
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The population of the Anasazi increased until about:
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1100 AD
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The name Anasazi is a Navajo word meaning:
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the ancient ones
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Dryland agriculture common in the American Southwest was successful due to:
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The still-functioning agricultural terraces that conserve both soil and water.
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Dendochronology shows:
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a rainfall pattern "signal" correlated with the width of tree rings to estimate rainfall per year before weather records were kept
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What caused the demise of the Anasazi?
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drought, deforestation, and civil unrest
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Conservation agriculture is the practice of minimal soil disturbance, ________, and _______________.
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permanent ground cover; crop rotation
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It can take as much as ____ year(s) to form an inch of topsoil, while an inch of topsoil can be lost in ____ year(s).
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500, 1
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Which of the following soil orders typically have a lot of carbon, are fertile, and used for agriculture?
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histosols and mollisols
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How is soil organic carbon converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) and emitted as a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere?
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animals and microorganisms in the soil eat organic carbon from plant residue and other organic matter and respire carbon as CO2 as a gas, which then escapes from the soil into the atmosphere
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Since the beginning of the Industrial Age, CO2 levels have increased in the atmosphere by
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30%
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Which of the following practices sequesters carbon?
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all of the above
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Why is agriculture's role in the greenhouse gas effect a bigger problem if it is only responsible for 10% of global greenhouse has emissions?
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land use change through deforestation is mostly driven by agriculture and land use change accounts for 30% of global CO2 emmisions
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Soils in the dry prairies have more carbon than the lush forests of the eastern US and tropical rainforests. Why?
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plants that have evolved to live in dry prairies have up to most of their biomass and thus their carbon in their roots, which must go deep to get to water
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Which of the following is not a factor that led to the dust bowl?
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Washington called for increased corn production for WWI
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When rain is scarce and soil dries there is less evaporation which leads to even less precipitation, creating a feedback process that reinforces the lack of rainfall.
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True
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What government agency resulted from the devastation caused by the Dust Bowl?
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Soil Conservation Service
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The national annual soil loss has ___ since the 80s.
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decreased
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What was the soil conservation practice that came out of the dust bowl?
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wind breaks
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who was known as the father of soil conservation?
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Hugh Bennet
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What states were affected the most by the Dust Bowl?
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Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico
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Black Sunday occurred during which year?
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1935
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Which of the following did not occur during the dust bowl?
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the US government moved all paper currency to the gold standard
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erosion prevention is always cheaper than repair.
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true
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which of the following crops originated in the new world?
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potatoes, tomatoes, maize, beans, squash
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which of the following is not a factor in the collapse of the maya?
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invasion and conquest by the Aztec empire
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NOT a reason for slash and burn
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provide sustainable food production in long-term.
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the mayan civilization was located in
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mesoamerica
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one theory as to why the mayan population collapsed is that they deforested so much land in order to make
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stucco lime plaster to cover all of their builings
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why did erik the red persuade people to go to Greenland?
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greenland was experiencing the medieval warming period
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what island did the vikings not invade?
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auckland
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one possible reason that the inuit were able to adapt to and survive the little ice age while the norse were not:
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the norse left the land bare by cutting trees and turf to build their homes, reducing their ability to feed themselves
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the greenland norse were not sustainable because;
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all of the above
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a major reason for iceland's severe erosion and ecological damage is a result of:
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fragile volcanic ash soils
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the root word for viking means
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raider
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what do packrat middens show?
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the preserved records of vegetation, fauna, and climate in arid environments for a radius of aout 300 ft arounf the midden
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ESS 120: Exam 2