BCOR 012:Chapter 22
26 Cards in this Set
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James Hutton (1726-1797)
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James Hutton (1726-1797)
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Georges Cuvier
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recognized the restriction of distinctive fossils to particular geological sites
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Lamarck
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famous for incorrect hypothesis: use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics
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famous for incorrect hypothesis: use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics
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idea that parts of the body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those that are not deteriorate
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inheritance of acquired characteristics
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an organism could pass these "use and disuse" modifications to its offspring
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Malthus
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economists--human pops potential to increase faster than food supply-->competition
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Linnaeus
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classify life's diversity AMDG; developed binomial system of naming species; nested system of grouping similar species (into genus, family, etc)
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Lyell
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Principles of Geology; uniformitarianism; ideas strongly influenced Darwin's thinking
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uniformitarianism
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mechanisms of change are constant over time; same geological processes are operating today as in the past
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Five Premises underlying Darwin's theory
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variability, heritability, overproduction, competition, and differential survival
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Variability
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Populations of organisms are variable
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heritability
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some of the variable traits are passed from generation to generation
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overproduction
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more individuals are produced in a population than will survive to reproduce
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competition
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individuals compete for limited resources
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differential survival
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those individuals better suited to their environment will leave more descendants than less well suited individuals
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homology
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the equivalency of structures serving quite different functions provides evidence of common ancestry (ex/ appendages in humans, cats, whales, and bats)
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variation under domestication
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huge array of dog types all from common wolf-like ancestor based on artificial selection--in a short amount of time
therefore, great amounts of change possible over longer amounts of time
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Evidence of evolution
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fossils, biogeography, comparative anatomy, molecular biology
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2 main features of Darwinian view of life
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the diverse forms of life have arisen by descent with modification from ancestral species
the mechanism of modification has been natural selection operating over an immense span of time
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3 things evolution explains
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1) the good "fit" of organisms to their environment (adaptation)
2) the unity (shared characteristics) of life
3) the diversity of life
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stratum
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a rock layer formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them
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catastrophism
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the principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today
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convergent evolution
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the evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages
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biogeography
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the study of the past and present distribution of species
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continental drift
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the slow movement of the continental plates across Earth's surface
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endemic
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referring to a species that is confined to a specific, relatively small geographic area
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BCOR 012:Exam 3