57 Cards in this Set
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Race
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A group of people who share physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features. Passed on genetically.
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Ethnic Group
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A group of people with same culture and can relate to each other.
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Racial-Ethnic Group
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A group of people who have both distinctive physical AND cultural characteristics.
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Dominant Group
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A physically or culturally distinctive group that has the most economic, social and political power, and highest social status.
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Minority
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Group of people that may be subject to unequal treatment because of their physical or cultural or other characteristics.
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Apartheid
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Formal system of racial segregation
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Genocide
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Deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, or cultural group.
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Assimilation
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Conforming to the culture of the dominant group (Learning the language and intermarrying).
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Segregation
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Physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups.
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internal colonialism
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Unequal treatment and subordinate status of groups within a country.
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Pluralism
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Minority groups maintain their culture but have equal social standing in society. (Indian doctors)
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Racism
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Belief that one's own racial group is naturally superior to others.
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Prejudice
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An attitude, positive or negative, toward people because of their group membership.
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Discrimination
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Any act that treats people unequally or unfairly because of their group membership.
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Ethnocentrism
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The belief that one's own culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others.
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Scapegoate
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Individuals or groups that people blame for their problems or shortcomings.
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Institutional Discrimination
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Unequal treatments and opportunities that members of minority groups experience because of everyday operations of a society's laws, rules, policies, practices, and customs.
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White Privelage
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...
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Functionalist (Racial Ethnic Equality)
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Prejudice and Discrimination can be dysfunctional but they provide benefits for dominant groups and stabilize society.
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Conflict (Racial-Ethnic Inequality)
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Powerful groups maintain their advantages and perpetuate racial-ethnic inequality primarily through economic exploitation.
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Feminist (Racial-Ethnic Inequality)
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Minority women suffer from the combined effects of racism and sexism.
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Symbolic Interactionist (Racial-Ethnic Inequality)
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Hostile attitude towards minorities, which are learned, can be reduced through cooperative interracial and interethnic contacts.
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Social Construction
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Differences are produced by social experience rather than biologically- social rather "natural".
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White Privelage
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Unearned assets because of being white.
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Incest Taboo
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Cultural norms and laws that forbid sexual intercourse between close blood relatives.
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Exogamy
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Selecting ones mates from outside one's group. (Also called heterogamy)
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Nuclear Family
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A form of family consisting or married parents and their biological children. (Immediate Family)
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Matriarchal Family Systems
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The oldest women (usually grandmothers and mothers) control cultural, political, and economic resources, and consequently, have power over males. (She wears the pants in the family)
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Patrilocal Residence Patterns
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Newly married couples live with the husband's family.
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Matrilocal Residence Patterns
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Newly married couples live with the wife's family.
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Boomerang Generation
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Young adults who move back into their parents home after living independently OR never left at all.
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Patriarchal Family Systems
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The oldest men (grandfathers, fathers, uncles) control cultural, political, and economical resources, and consequently, have power over females.
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Monogomy
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Married to one person.
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Serial Monogomy
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Individuals marry several people, but at one time.
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Polygamy
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Marriage in which a man or woman has two or more spouses.
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Cohabitation
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Two unrelated people that are not married live together and have a sexual relationship.
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Does Cohabitation lead to a better marriage?
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NO! Couples who live together before marriage generally have a higher divorce rate than those who do not live together before marriage.
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Life Expectancy
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The average length of time people of the same age will live.
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Exchange Theory
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People seek through their social interactions to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. (Symbolic Interactionism)
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Polyandry
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When a woman has more than one husband.
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Polygyny
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When a man has more than one wife.
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The Second Shift
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The work that must be done once a woman comes home from her day job. (Child care, house cleaning, cooking)
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5 Functions of the Family (Explain Each)
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5 important functions to ensure a society's survival:
1.) Sexual Regulation (Sexual Norms)
2.) Reproduction and Socialization
3.) Economic Security
4.) Emotional Support
5.) Social Placement
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Functionalist (Family)
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Families are important in maintaining societal stability and in meeting family members needs.
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Conflict (Family)
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Families promote social Inequality because of social class differences.
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Feminist (Family)
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Families both mirror and perpetuate patriarchy and gender inequality.
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Symbolic Interactionist
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Families construct their everyday lives through interaction and subjective interpretation of family roles.
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Functionalist (Aging)
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Older people who are active and engaged are more satisfied with life.
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Conflict (Aging)
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Many corporations view older workers and disposable.
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Feminist (Aging)
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Women have an unequal burden in caring for children as well as older family members and relatives.
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Symbolic Interactionist (Aging)
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Many older family members adapt to aging and often maintain previous activities.
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Things that Affect Divorce
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1.) Social Integration Hypothesis
2.) Employment vs. Unemployment
3.) Education
4.) Income
5.) Religion
6.) Race
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Intergenerational Transmission
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70% increased likelihood of divorce in couples who come from divorced families. (Only for the first 5 years of marriage)
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States with Highest Divorce Rates
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1.) Nevada
2.) Arkansas
3.) Wyoming
4.) Idaho
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States with Lowest Divorce Rates
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1.) Massachusetts
2.) Pennsylvania
3.) Illinois
4.) Minnesota & North Dakota (tied)
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Cycle of Discrimination
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Stage 1: Prejudice/Discrimination
Stage 2: Lowest Status/Subhuman property
Stage 3: Innately Inferior
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Contact hypothesis
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Interracial contact between people of equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to be less prejudiced.
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SOC 111: EXAM 5