CHM 1210: CHAPTER 4: REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
33 Cards in this Set
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Precipitation Reactions
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Processes in which soluble reactants yield an insoluble product that falls out of the solution, thereby removing some of the dissolved ions.
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Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions
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Processes in which an acid reacts with a base to yield water plus an ionic compound called a salt
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Acids
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Compounds that produce h+ ions when dissolved in water. pH of 0-6
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Bases
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Compounds that produce OH- ions when dissolved in water. pH 8-14
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)
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Processes in which more electrons are transfered between reaction partners. as a result, the charges on atoms in the reactions change.
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Electrolytes
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Substances that produce conducting solutions of ions when dissolved in water
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Nonelectrolytes
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Substances that do not produce ions in aqueous solutions
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Dissociates
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Splits apart, as in compounds dissolving in water
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Strong Electrolytes
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Compounds that dissociate to 70-100% into ions when dissolved in water
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Weak electrolytes
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Compounds that only dissociate to a small extent
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Molecular Equations
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Substances involved in reactions written using their complete formulas
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Ionic Equation
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an equation where all strong electrolytes are written as ions
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Spectator Ions
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Ions whose only role is to balance the charge, they do not change during the reactoin
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Net Ionic Equation
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Only the ions undergoing a change are shown
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Solubility
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How much of each compound will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
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Hydronium Ion
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H30+
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Strong Acids
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Acids that dissociate to a large extent
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Weak Acids
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Acids that dissociate to a small extent
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Oxidation
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The loss of one or more electrons by a substance - element, compound, or ion.
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Reduction
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The gain of one or more electrons by a substance.
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Oxidation Number
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A value that measures whether an atom in a compound is neutral, electron-rich, or electron-poor compared to an isolated atom
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Reducing Agent
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The substance that causes a reduction by giving up electrons
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Oxidizing Agent
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The substance that causes an oxidation by accepting electrons
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Oxidation-Number Method
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Method for balancing redox reactions by comparing the increases and decreases of oxidation numbers.
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Half-Reaction Method
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Divides a redox reaction into its oxidation and reduction half-reactions does not require assigning oxidation states
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Half-Reactions
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One of the two halves of an oxidation-reduction; one half is the oxidation component and the other half is the reduction component.
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Titration
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The process of determining the molarity of a solution
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Redox Titration
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Using a known concentration of an oxidizing agent to find an unknown concentration of reduction agent (or vice versa)
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Combustion
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THe burning of a fuel by oxidation with oxygen in the air
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Bleaching
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Uses redox reactions to decolorize or lighten colored materials
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Metallurgy
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The science of extracting and purifying metals from their ores
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Corrosion
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The deterioration of a metal by oxidation
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Respiration
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The process of breathing and using oxygen for the many biological redox reactions that provide the energy needed by living organisms.
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CHM 1210: EXAM 1