BIOL 1010: CHAPTER 11
76 Cards in this Set
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Actinomycetes
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Single celled organism that produce antibiotics compounds
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Acyclovir
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An antiviral drug
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Alga
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simple chlorophyll- containing organisms, often single-celled; were probably the ancestors to the land plants.
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Alveolates
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protists that include apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, foraminifers, and ciliates.
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Alveoli
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protists, tiny membranous sacs under the plasma membrane
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Amoeboflagellates
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single celled protists that live in water and soil, and usually dispay pseudopodia
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anaerobe
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cells that dont require the presence of oxygen for every harvest
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apicomplexa
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a group of protist that includes the malarial parasite
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autotroph
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an organism, such as a plant that can manufacture its own food
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bacillus
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rod shaped bacterial cell
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binary fission
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asexual reproduction by division of a cell or body into two equivalent parts
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bioremediation
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bacterial breakdown of environmental pollutants
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Brown Algae
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chromista that inhabit cool, offshore waters and range from golden brown to dark brown to black
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capsid
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the protein coat that encases a virus
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cellular slime molds
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a type of funguslike protist, usually existing as free-living amoebalike cells, but aggregating into a multicellular fruiting body before producing reproductive spores
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chemoautotrophs
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an organism that derives energy from a simple inorganic reaction
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chlamydia
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bacterial species that live inside animal cells and lack an ability to make their own ATP; can cause a sexually transmitted disease
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Choanflagellates
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single celled or colonial protists living in fresh water and in the oceans. each has a collar formed by a ring of microvilli
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chromista
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protists with golden, brownish, greenish pigments
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ciliate
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a protozoan whose cells have rows of cilia that are used in locomotion and in sweeping food particles in the mouth
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Coccus
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spherical shaped bacterial cells
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conjugation
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union of 2 unicellular organisms of different mating strains, during which time the genetic material is transferred from one to the other
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cyanobacteria
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one of the blue-green algae; a photosynthetic, oxygen-generating and nitrogen-fixing prokaryote
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diatomaceous earth
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crumbly white seddiments made up of diatom shells
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Diatoms
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phytoplankton that are members of chromista and usually contain golden pigments
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Dinoflagellates
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protists with armorlike coverings and two flagella, one in a beltlike groove and the other trailing behind; often can cause red tides
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diplomonad
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the group of protists that includes giardia, a common human paraiste
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endospore
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heavily encapsulated resting cell formed within many types of bacterial cells during times of environmental stress
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Euglenoid
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green, spindle-shaped protists with eyespots
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extremphiles
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prokaryotes that survive in earths most extreme environments
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foraminiferans
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delicately shaped protists that live in the oceans and secrete usually whitish, calcium-based shells
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frond
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leaflike structure of an indicidual alga that collects sunlight and produces sugars. also refers to the large divided leaf on a fern
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fruiting bodies
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spore-producing reproductive structure structure in many fungi
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gram negative cells
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prokaryotes in which the peptidoglycan layer is covered by an outer sheet of proteins and lipoplysaccharides; dont pick up gram stain
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Gram postive
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Prokaryotes containing peptidoglycans in a single broad layer; do pick up Gram’s stain.
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Gram stain
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A special stain that distinguishes gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
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Green Algae
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Protists with green pigments that are closely related to plants; also called Chlorophyta.
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Halophile
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A type of archaebacterium that can tolerate extremely high salt concentrations.
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Heterotroph
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An organism, such as an animal, fungus, and most prokaryotes and protists, that takes in preformed nutrients from external sources.
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Holdfast
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A rootlike anchor that attaches an alga to its substrate, such as a rock on the ocean floor.
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Hypha
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One of many long, thin filaments of cells that make up a multicellular fungus.
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Kelp
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One of the largest members of the algal world, a brown alga.
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Kinetoplastid
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Primitive protists with long whiplike flagella; includes the protist causing African sleeping sickness
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Macronucleus
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In ciliates, a large nucleus containing many sets of chromosomes that control cell activities.
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Methanogen
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A type of archaebacterium that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct.
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Micronucleus
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In ciliates, one of several nuclei that undergo meiosis and are exchanged during sexual reproduction.
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Microsporidia
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Among the simplest of eukaryotic cells, they live only inside animal cells.
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Mycoplasmas
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A type of the smallest free-living cells, these simplified members of the domain Bacteria lack cell walls, live inside animals, plants, and sometimes other single-celled organisms, and can cause a dangerous form of pneumonia as well as
infections of the urinary tract and other organs.
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Parabasalians
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Ancient, primitive protists such as the organisms inside a termite’s gut.
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Parasite
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A type of predator that obtains benefits at the expense of another organism, its host. A parasite is usually smaller than its host, lives in close physical association with it, and generally saps its host’s strength rather than killing it outright.
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peptidoglycan
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Sugar-protein complexes occurring in prokaryotic cell walls.
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photoautotrophs
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An organism that captures energy from light.
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Phytoplankton
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Photosynthetic microorganisms that live near the surface of marine and fresh water.
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plasmodium
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One form of a true slime mold that is a mass of continuous cytoplasm surrounded by one plasma membrane that moves slowly, like a giant amoeba. Also, the genus of malarial parasites.
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Potato blight
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A species of water mold that rots and kills growing potato vines.
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Prion
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An intracellular disease-causing entity apparently consisting only of protein and having no genetic material.
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prokaryote
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An organism made up of a prokaryotic cell.
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Proteobacteria
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The largest and most diverse group in the domain Bacteria.
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pseudopodia
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Limblike cellular extensions that help protists and certain blood cells move and feed.
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Radiolarians
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Single-celled protists that produce beautiful silicon-based shells.
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red algae
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Small delicate aquatic protists that occur as thin filaments or flat sheets and produce red pigments.
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red tides
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Dense blooms of certain dinoflagellates that tint water red and produce deadly toxins.
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Rickettsias
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Tiny, rod-shaped parasitic bacteria.
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saprobe
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An organism that lives on decomposing organic matter.
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spirillum
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A bacterial cell with a spiral shape.
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Spirochetes
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Bacteria with a distinctive spiral shape.
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stigma
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[1] The tiny, light-sensitive eyespot of a euglenoid. [2] The sticky top of a flower that serves as a pollen receptacle.
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stipe
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The stemlike structure that provides vertical support to an alga.
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symbiont
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An organism that lives in a close relationship with an organism of another species.
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thermophile
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Prokaryotes that thrive in very hot conditions.
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Transduction
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The transfer of genes from one bacterium to another via a virus.
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Transformation
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The process of transferring an inherited trait by incorporating a piece of foreign DNA into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
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True Slime Mold
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A type of funguslike protist characterized by a plasmodium, a mass of continuous
cytoplasm surrounded by one plasma membrane and containing many diploid nuclei.
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Vibrio
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Bacterial cell with comma shape
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Viroid
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An intracellular parasite that affects plants and consists only of small RNA molecules without any protein coat.
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Water Mold
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A type of funguslike protist containing several nuclei within a common cytoplasm and forming relatively large immobile egg cells; members of the Oomycota.
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BIOL 1010: TEST 1