79 Cards in this Set
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Oxygen diffuses to the tissues of terrestrial arthropods (such as ants and beetles through):
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Trachae
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Acquiring immunity from a primary immune response to an initial infection is an example of
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natural acquired active immunity
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All of the following are normally excreted in urine except
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Heme groups
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why are sharks classified in the class chondrichthyes
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Cartilaginous exoskeleton and lack urea in blood
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The epithelium on the outer surface of human skin is
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stratified squamous epithelium
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Which of the following groups has some species with a four chambered heart
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Mammalia
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You consume a large number of antacids due to acid upset; you are mimicking the actions of the ____ that also produces bicarbonates.
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pancreas
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what structure prevents food from entering the trachea when swallowing?
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the epiglottis
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The partial pressure for oxygen would be lowest:
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inside mitochondria
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Which of the following lymphatic organs is divided into lobes and lobules? Decreases in size after puberty
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thymus
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Carbon dioxide is transported in blood primarily in the form of:
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biocarbonate (HCO3-)
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The blood proteins involved in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood are called:
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albumins
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You take a drug that inhibits the uptake (assimilation) of water-soluble vitamins across your gut wall. Which of the following choices is correct? You subsequently have a hard time assimilating vitamins:
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B6 and C
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The highly efficient respiratory gills of fish are incompatible with a terrestrial environment because the gills would:
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collapse and stick together without the support of water
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If you took a drug that eliminated the Bohr effect, what would this do?
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Not allow additional oxygen to be unloaded by hemoglobin as a result of lowered pH
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An animal equipped with protonephridia for collection of nitrogenous wastes:
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Flatworm
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An ammocoete larva is the larval form of a
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lamprey
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The central cavity in the subunits of bone where the nerves and blood vessels are located:
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Haversian canal
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Which of the following groups (if any) is not a gnathostome?
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Bony fish (gnathostome)
Cartilaginous fish (gnathostome)
Mammals (gnathostome)
Amphibians (gnathostome)
All are gnathosomes
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Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of:
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fibrous connective tissue
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In a human nephron, what lies between the proximal convoluted tubules and the distal convoluted tubules?
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loop of henle
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In each of the following choices below, blood travels directly from the first structure into the second. However, one choice is incorrect. Which one is incorrect?
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Capillary bed --> arteriole
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The rhythmic contractions of the esophagus, carrying food downward is called
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peristalsis
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You took a drug that slow down the activities (including cell division) of epithelial tissues. Which place would you immediately see an effect?
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the cells lining the nephron tubules in your kidney
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Cartilage tissues are slow in healing from injury because:
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cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies
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If you are allergic to ragweed, it is because mast cells, in response to subsequent exposure to the ragweed pollen, produce large amounts of _____, which trigger the inflammatory response.
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histamines
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In the human excretory (urinary) system, the urine formed in the kidneys is carried to the bladder from the kidney through a tube called:
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the ureter
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A new species of vertebrate was discovered. It has a swim bladder and operculum, bones, gills, and is found in water. A knowledgeable biologist would also predict it had:
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two-chambered heart
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Which of the following have primitive guts with only one opening, and use extracellular digestion?
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cnidarians and flatworms
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You are an exobiologist. You notice a fierce species that has a three chambered heart, jaws, lungs, a bony endoskeleton, and the adult is found in water. It has a leathery shelled egg. You would place it in vertebrate group:
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reptilia
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The white blood cells that are large, possess kidney shaped nuclei and transform into macrophages are:
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monocytes
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Which of the following statements is correct concerning human red blood cells?
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Red blood cells are anucleated when mature (correct)
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin (correct)
Two of the above answers are correct (answer on test)
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Reptiles belong to the subphylum
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Craniata
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Which of the following is true of both hagfish an lampreys?
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they both possess cartilaginous skeletons
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A new species of vertebrate was discovered. It has a four-chambered heart, lightweight bones, a horny beak, a single inner ear bone, and can fly. A knowledgeable biologist would also predict it also had:
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feathers
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Which of the following groups, if any, is considered an amniote tetrapod
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Bony fish (FALSE)
Hagish (FALSE)
Lampreys (FALSE)
Amphibians (FALSE)
None of the above are amniote tetrapods. (CORRECT ANSWER)
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Venous blood traveling from the intestines first travels to the _____ via the _____.
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liver ; hepatic portal system
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During digestion, fats are made into smaller droplets by the actions of:
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Bile salts
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In humans, the esophagus and trachea are both connected to (open into) the:
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pharynx
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The correct order of the sequence of the parts of the large intestine, from cecum to rectum:
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cecum - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum
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After engulfing and destroying a pathogen, a macrophage places ____ on its outer surface, which a helper T cell can recognize and become activated:
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MHC proteins and antigens of the pathogen
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One disadvantage to endotherms is that they must consume much more food per unit time than do ectotherms of similar size
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True
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To which of the following groups do amphibians belong?
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ureotelic animals
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Name the most abundant antibody class.
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IgG
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As your dog pants, water molecules leave the surface of the tongue into the air. Which method of heat loss/ gain is primarily responsible for the additional heat loss?
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evaporation
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On vacation, you found a small chordate animal. As adults, the animal loses the notochord (which is present in the larvae) and the adult lives as a benthic marine filter-feeder with an outer coat called the tunic. The pharynx is expanded into a basket-like structure. It is in the subphylu…
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Urochordata
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Some fish live in a hypertonic environment; this means that they tend to ____ the environment from osmosis.
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lose water to
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Which mammal group has eggs that hatch inside the female, but the young complete development in a pouch?
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marsupial mammals
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Vertebrates that have smooth, moist skin, are ectothermic, have 4 legs, and must lay their eggs in water are in which group?
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Amphibia
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The tissue through which gases are exchanged consist of a single layer of flattened cells that are called _____ epithelium.
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Simple squamous
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Which of the following contains species that have a three chambered heart?
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Reptilia
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an animal equipped with nephrons for collection of nitrogeneous wastes
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a human
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a type of T-cell that is thought to help prevent autoimmune diseases
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suppressor T cells
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to which of the following groups do birds belong?
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uricotelic animals
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oxygen gas is transported in blood most efficiently by:
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temporarily binding to hemoglobin
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amphibians belong to the subphylum
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craniata
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An ammocoete larva is the larval form of a
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lamprey
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Protein digestion begins in the
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stomach
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the metabolic waste urea is formed from ammonia; the ammonia in turn was produced from the removal of ____ from amino acids
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amino
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the group that has a notochord that becomes partially enclosed by cartilaginous sheath, a cartilaginous skeleton, a circular mouth with keratinized teeth, a rasping tongue, and 2 pairs of semicircular canals:
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lampreys
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which of the following vertebrate groups is not considered a amniote tetrapod
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Osteichthyes
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which of the following distinguishes cardiac muscle from both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?
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cardiac muscle cells are the only cells that are branched
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tunicates (sea squirts) belong to the subphylum:
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urochordata
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you have found an animal in shallow marine waters during spring break. the animal is segmented, with chevron-shaped muscle blocks arranged along the notochord. it has no bones. the adult swims, and the notochord is retained in the adult. it is in the subphylum:
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cephalochordata
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which of the following is analogous to insects' malpighian tubules, with respect to function?
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mulluscan metanephridium
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your doctor prescribes a drug that prevents you digestive system from producing most of the hydrolytic enzymes that digest food materials. which organ is most directly affected by this drug?
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pancreas
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what is the body's first line of defense against infections
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several nonspecific obstacles such as skin and mucus membranes
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which of the follwoing groups (if any) is not a gnathostome
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lancelets
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the hormone that stimulates the production of stomach secretions and stimulates mucosal cell division of the lining of the stomach
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gastrin
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the pathway of urine from kidney to outside is
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kidney-ureter-bladder-urethra
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Carbon dioxide is transported in blood primarily in the form of:
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biocarbonate (HCO3-)
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the connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is called a
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tendon
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the large skeletal muscle in your upper leg are
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striated and voluntary
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a special drug has been developed that inhibits the contraction of uninucleated cells that have no prominent striations. which muscle type would be inhibited
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smooth
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Which mammal group lay eggs that hatch outside of the mother?
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Monotreme mammals
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What is the correct order of the digestive tract starting with the mouth?
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Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Small intestine, Large intestine, Anus
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Which is not a function of the mammalian kidney
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Synthesis of urea from ammonia
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Blood travels from the mammalian heart to the lungs by means of
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pulmonary artery
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Acquiring immunity from a primary immune response to an initial infection is an example of
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Naturally acquired active immunity
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BIOL 242: EXAM 1