42 Cards in this Set
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Taxonomy
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Field of Biology involved in naming, describing and classifying organisms, BOTH fossil (extinct) species AND living (extant) species.
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Classification
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One branch of taxonomy where various things (books, clouds, species, etc.) are identified and grouped together in groups.
Orders and ranks things into a series of hierarchical levels.
I. E. (species →genera, genera → families and so on)
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Systematics
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Field of biology concerned with the identification of the evolutionary relationships among species through time.
Classified into various groups, then systematics ELUCIDATED relationship of taxa through evolutionary time.
May be called a synonym to classification.
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Phylogeny
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Pattern and history of evolutionary descent of all of the taxa used in a classification of organisms.
To trace phylogeny, biologists use evidence from paleontology, molecular Data, comparative anatomy and other approaches.
* Tracking phylogeny is the main goal of systematics
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List major taxonomic categories from the most inclusive to the least inclusive
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-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
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Describe how we give a species a name using binomial nomenclature.
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Two part format:
__________ _____________
Genus Specific epithet
Use Genus to which species belongs, first letter Of genus is always capitalized.
Epithet is always lowercase And unique.
* Italicize entire name or underline both. Must always have latin ending.
I.E. Homo sapiens or P…
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For plants, which of the following provides protection against desiccation?
A) nonflagellated sperm. B) tracheids. C) secondary compounds. D) cuticle. E) alternation of generations.
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Cuticle
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Corn plants (Zea) have both male and female structures are located in separate flowers, but both flowers are located
on the same plant. This means that corn are ______ plants.
A) monoecious. B) dioecious.
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Monoecious
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Which characteristic(s) is/are shared by green algae and all seed plants?
A) pollen. B) cuticle. C) cell walls of cellulose. D) vascular tissue. E) peptidoglycan.
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Cell Walls of cellulose
(CELL WALLS ALSO HAVE CHLOROPHYLL THINK OF HOW PLANTS AND ALGAE ARE BOTH GREEN)
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The outermost whorl of modified leaves of a flower (they tend to be green) are the:
A) styles. B) petals. C) sepals. D) cotyledons. E) stamens.
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Sepals
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Which protistan group are marine, possesses two flagella, and cause red tide?
A) Dinoflagellates. B) Chlorophyta. C) Stramenopila. D) Ciliata. E) Euglenozoa
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Dinoflagellates
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The ciliate protistan Paramecium and an insect both belong to the domain:
A) Archaea. B) Bacteria. C) Eukarya. D) Plantae. E) Paramecium and insects are not in the same domain.
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Eukarya
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Sexual reproduction (involving meiosis) is a property of:
B) animals and plants only. C) eukaryotes only. D) prokaryotes only. E) prokaryotes and many protists.
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Eukaryotes ONLY
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Which of the following is true of a superorder?
A) a superorder would have more species than would the phylum.
B) there could be two or more classes in the superorder. C) there could be two or more orders in the superorder.
D) two or more superorders make up one order. E) two of th…
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Two Or More Superorders make up one order
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Which of the following statements is true concerning most angiosperms?
A) They are homosporous.
B) They all have perfect flowers. C) They have ovules and seeds enclosed in a stamen.
D) They produce triploid endosperm by the fusion of two eggs and one sperm. E) All of the above choi…
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All of the above choices are false
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A friend gave you a plant to identify. It has the following characteristics: vascular tissue, a cuticle, nonflagellated
sperm, flowers. You determine it is a:
A) angiosperm. B) fern. C) moss. D) gymnosperm. E) charophyte
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Angiosperm
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Photosynthetic protists that have silicon in their cell walls, and are often shaped like little petri dishes, are in the
protistan group:
A) Alveolata. B) Chlorophyta. C) Bacillariophyta. D) Porifera. E) Euglenozoa.
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Bacillariophyta
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A typical angiosperm sporophyte is:
A) not capable of photosynthesis. B) the plant produced by a single gamete.
C) a gamete-producing generation. D) the smaller, short-lived generation, compared to the gametophyte.
E) diploid.
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Diploid
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The bacteria that move by modified flagella (axial filaments) running beneath the outer membrane.
A) Spirochetes. B) Proteobacteria. C) Chlamydias. D) Gram positive bacteria. E) Cyanobacteria
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Spirochetes
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A protistan cell divides into two daughter cells by the asexual process of:
A) sporogony. B) binary fission. C) meiosis. D) conjugation. E) syngamy.
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Binary Fission
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An organism that must have oxygen present in order for the organism to use for aerobic respiration would be called:
A) a facultative anaerobe. B) an obligate anaerobe. C) an obligate aerobe.
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Obligate Aerobe
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Which of the following statements (if any) are false?
A) Gymnosperms and ferns both have chlorophyl.
B) Gymnosperms and ferns both have sporangia. C) Gymnosperms and ferns both have vascular tissues.
D) Gymnosperms and ferns both have leaves. E) All of the above statements (A throu…
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All of the above statements (a through D) are actually true
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The animals show what type of life cycle?
A) gametic. B) sporic. C) zygotic.
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Gametic
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If the name of a species was Quercus alba, what family is it in?
A) Quercus. B) alba. C) Quercus alba.
D) you cannot tell from the information given.
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You cannot tell from the information given
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A bird's wing and a mammalian foreleg, as forelimbs, still have the same basic underlying structure and development.
They are examples of:
A ) paraphyletic structures. B) polyphyletic structures. C) clades. D) analogous
structures. E) homologous structures
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Homologous Structures
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Xylem and phloem are found in:
A) all land plants. B) all multicellular plants. C) only in the gametophytes of
vascular plants. D) only in the seed plants. E) in all ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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In ALL Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
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Which of the following is the correct order of the taxonomic categories, going from most inclusive (kingdom) to least
inclusive (species)?
A) kingdom - class - phylum - family - genus - order - species.
B) kingdom - class - phylum - order - family - genus - species.
C) kingdom - phy…
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KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
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In ferns, the gametophyte stage is ______ compared to the sporophyte and the gametophyte is _____ upon the
sporophyte for protection and nutrition.
A) larger in size; dependent. B) smaller in size; dependent.
C) larger in size; not dependent. D) smaller in size; not dependent E) sim…
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Smaller in Size; Not Dependent
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Chains of rod-shaped bacteria would be called:
A) streptococci. B) streptobacilli. C) staphlococci. D) staphlobacilli. E) spirilla
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Streptobacilli
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The cytostome of a ciliate is analogous to your:
A) eyes. B) stomach. C) kidneys. D) mouth.
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Mouth
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Put the following in order: Ferns, Flowering Plants, Conifers and Mosses
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Mosses, Ferns, Conifers, Flowering Plants
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A particular flower has sepals, petals and stamens, but lacks carpels (reproductive organs): Is this particular flower:
Perfect or Imperfect?
Complete or Incomplete?
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Imperfect and Incomplete
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Conifers and Gymnosperms differ from ferns because why?
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Because Conifers and Gymnospores contain seeds and spores, ferns do not
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A frog re-evolved teeth in it's jaw, similar to teeth observed in fossils of ancestral frog species. This is an example of?
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HOMOPLASY which is a synonym of convergent evolution and evolutionary reversal.
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What is the genetic material exchanged in conjugation?
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What is the genetic material exchanged in conjugation? Plasmids
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What DIVISION are the pine trees in?
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What DIVISION are the pine trees in? Coniferophyta
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BACTERIA have ______ and are able to withstand extreme environmental conditions.
a. Sporangia
b. cell walls
c. Micronuclei
d. Sporocysts
e. Endospores
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ENDOSPORES
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PROTISTS have ____ and are able to withstand harsh or extreme environmental conditions.
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CYSTS
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Transformation or evolution of one entire species or population instead of a branching event is?
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Anagenesis
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An evolutionary splitting event in a species in which each branch and its smaller branches forms a "clade".
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Cladogenesis
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Which contrast is more important when separating groups of organisms?
a. Plants vs. Animals
b. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
c. Autotrophs vs. hetereotrophs
d. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
e. Single celled vs. multicellular
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
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Protists that consume whole organisms are called?
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Phagotrophs
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BIOL 242: EXAM 1