PSY 105: EXAM 3 CHAPTER 13
25 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
___ is the “information highway” that
connects the brain with the lower body
|
Spinal cord
|
|
What are the functions of the spinal cord?
|
Conduction—nerve fibers conduct sensory and
motor info up and down spinal cord, Neural integration—spinal neurons receive input
from multiple sources, integrate it, and execute
appropriate output, Locomotion—spinal cord contains central pattern generators: groups of neurons that coor…
|
|
cylinder of nervous tissue that arises from the
brainstem at the foramen magnum of the skull
|
Spinal cord
|
|
neuron cell bodies with little myelin ; Site of information processing, synaptic integration
|
Gray matter
|
|
abundantly myelinated axons ; Carry signals from one part of the CNS to another
|
White matter
|
|
In the gray matter, ___ root of spinal nerve carries only sensory fibers
|
Posterior (dorsal)
|
|
In the gray matter, ___ root of spinal nerve carries only motor fibers
|
Anterior (ventral)
|
|
carry sensory signals up the spinal cord
|
Ascending tracts
|
|
carry motor
signals down brainstem and spinalcord
|
Descending tracts
|
|
a cord-like organ
composed of numerous
nerve fibers (axons)
bound together by
connective tissue
|
Nerve
|
|
reflexes involving the somatic
nervous system innervating skeletal muscle
|
Somatic reflexes
|
|
Carry signals from sensory receptors
to the CNS
|
Sensory (afferent) nerves
|
|
Carry signals from CNS to muscles
and glands
|
Motor (efferent) nerves
|
|
cluster of neurosomas outside the CNS
|
Ganglion
|
|
a specific area of skin
that conveys sensory input to a spinal nerve
|
Dermatome
|
|
contraction of extensor muscles in limb opposite of the one that is withdrawn
|
Crossed extension reflex
|
|
in response to excessive tension on the tendon ; Moderates muscle contraction before it tears a tendon or pulls it loose from the muscle or bone
|
Tendon reflex
|
|
The quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal of a limb from an injurious stimulus ; Triggers contraction of the flexors and relaxation of the extensors in that limb
|
Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
|
|
localized disease caused by the virus
traveling down the sensory nerves by fast axonal transport when immune system is compromised ; Painful trail of skin discoloration and fluid-filled vesicles along path of nerve
|
Shingles
|
|
Destruction of motor neurons and muscular atrophy ; sclerosis (scarring) of lateral regions of the spinal cord ; Early signs: muscular weakness; difficulty speaking, swallowing, & using hands ; Sensory and intellectual functions remain unaffected
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig disease
|
|
complete severance of cord ; Immediate loss of motor control below level of injury ; Above C4 poses the threat of respiratory failure ; Paralysis:
• Paraplegia-paralysis of both lower limbs
• Quadriplegia-paralysis of all four limbs
|
Complete transection
|
|
stretch receptors embedded in skeletal muscles ; inform brain of muscle length and body movement
|
Muscle spindle
|
|
specialized sense organs to monitor position & movement of body parts
|
Proprioceptors
|
|
What is the importance of proprioceptors ?
|
Enables brain to send motor commands back to the muscles
that control coordinated movement, corrective reflexes,
muscle tone, and posture
|
|
The pathway of the somatic reflex..
|
1. Somatic receptors in skin, muscles, & tendons 2. Afferent nerve fibers, carry information from receptors to posterior horn of spinal cord or to
brainstem 3. Integrating center, point of synaptic contact between neurons in gray matter of cord or
brainstem 4. Efferent nerve fibers, c…
|
PSY 105: TEST 1