46 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
C3 Plants
|
in C3 plants, the capture of light energy and the transformation of CO2 into sugars occurs in the mesophyll cells. The products of photosynthesis move into the vascular bundles, part of the plants transport system, where they can be transported to other parts of the plant
|
|
C4 Plants
|
C4 plants have two distinct types of photosynthetic cells: the mesophyll cells and the bundle sheath cells. Carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle occur in different types of cells. Carbon fixation in mesophyll cells and the Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath cells
|
|
CAM Plants
|
In CAM plants, carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle occur in the same cells at different times. At night, the stomata open, the plant loses water through transpiration, and CO2 diffuses into the leaf. CO2 is stored as malate in the mesophyll, to be used in photosynthesis by day. During th…
|
|
light compensation point
|
the point of decreased light where the rate of carbon uptake in photosynthesis will decline to a level where it equals the rate of carbon loss in respiration
|
|
rubisco
|
an enzyme used during dark reactions to convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon molecules
|
|
light saturation point
|
point at which no further photosynthesis occurs
|
|
water use efficiency
|
the ratio of carbon fixed per unit of water lost through transpiration
|
|
Homeostatic Plateu
|
a key difference between mechanical and living systems. living systems- set point is not firmly fixes. Mechanical-firmly fixed. We have a limited tolerance.
|
|
heterothermy
|
group of animals that regulate body temperature by endothermy at some times and ectothermy at others
|
|
poikliothermy
|
variation of body temperature with external conditions
|
|
torpor
|
temporary great reduction in an animals respiration with loss of motion and feeling; reduces energy expenditure in response to some unfavorable environmental condition, such as heat or cold
|
|
biological clock
|
the internal mechanism of an organism that controls circadian rhythms without external time cues
|
|
bergman's rule
|
an ecogeographic principle that states within a broadly distributed genus, species of larger size are found in colder environments and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions
|
|
allen's rule
|
endotherms from colder climates usually have short limbs than the equivalent animals from warmer climates
|
|
life history
|
an organisms lifetime pattern of growth, development, and reproduction
|
|
parthenogenesis
|
a form of asexual reproduction in which the ovum develops without fertilization of a male
|
|
polygamy
|
the acquisition by an individual of two or more mates
|
|
simultaneous hermaphrodite
|
the male organ of one individual is mated with the female organ of the other and vice versa
|
|
sequential hermphrodite
|
some organisms may be males first during one part of their life cycle and females in another part
|
|
intrasexual selection
|
involves male-to-male competition for the opportunity to mate; leads to exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics such as large size, aggressiveness, and organs of threat such as antlers and horns
|
|
intersexual selection
|
involves the differential attractiveness of individuals of one sex to another, bright plumage and the elaboration of some of the same characteristics related to intrasexual selection
|
|
sexual dimorphism
|
the occurrence of morphological differences other than primary sexual characteristics that distinguish males from females in a species
|
|
iteroparous
|
an organism that reproduces many times during its lifetime, but with fewer offspring each times
|
|
semelparous
|
an organisms that only reproduces once in its lifetime
|
|
fecundity
|
potential ability of an organism to produce eggs or young
|
|
logistic growth equation
|
mathematical expression for the population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increases
|
|
r strategists
|
short lived
high reproduction rate
rapid development
small body size
large number of offspring but low survival
minimal parental care
|
|
k strategists
|
long lived individuals
slower growth rate
competitive species
|
|
Ramet
|
an individual member of a plant clone
|
|
genet
|
a genetic individual that arises from a single fertilized cell
|
|
distribution
|
arrangement of organsims within an area
|
|
abundance
|
the number of individuals of a species in a given area
|
|
density
|
size of a population in relation to a definate unit of space
|
|
age structure
|
the number of proportion of individuals in each age group within a population
|
|
dispersal
|
leaving an area of birth or activity for another area
|
|
immigration
|
arrival of new individuals into a habitat or population
|
|
emigration
|
movement of part of a population permanently out of an area
|
|
migration
|
intentional, directional, usually seasonal movement of animals between two regions or habitats
|
|
metapopulation
|
a population broken into subpopulations held together by dispersal or movement of individuals among them
|
|
Survivorship curves Type 1
|
like us, all die around the same age later in life,
high numbers of survival after birth
|
|
survivorship Type 3
|
sea turtles
most die early in life
ones that survive live for long time
lack of parental care
|
|
Type 2
|
birds
have an even balance of death and survival.
|
|
Relationship between autotroph and heterotroph
|
Heterotrophs have to consume autotrophs to get the necessary energy
|
|
explain relationship between surface area and volume
|
as size increases, volume increases faster than surface area. Need more surface area for oxygen to diffuse in and out to keep the cells alive
|
|
example of r strategist
|
spotted salamander- lays large number of eggs that form an egg mass, which it then abandons
|
|
example of k strategist
|
redback lays only a few eggs which it guards until they hatch
|
BIO 366: TEST 2