Bio 366 1st Edition Lecture 14 Current LectureWhat is an individual?-”A mushroom known to be one of the largest living organisms, where scientists have estimated a single specimen found in Malheur National Forest in Oregon to have been growing for some 2,400 years, covering 3.4 square miles (8.4 km²) and colloquially named the "Humongous Fungus." Armillaria solidipes grows and spreads primarily underground and the bulk of the organism lies in the ground, out of sight. Therefore, the organism is not visible to anyone viewing from the surface. It is only in the autumn when this organism will bloom “honey mushrooms”, visible evidence of the organism lying beneath. Low competition for land and nutrients have allowed this organism to grow so huge; it possibly covers more geographical areathan any other living organism”Genet- organism produced by sexual reproductionRamet- an individual produced asexually by the genet-For example, scuba diver grabbing bunches of alga; all around diver is one individual and one cell; algae don’t have cell walls; one genet with all of the ramets Distribution- Spacial area of popGeographic range- area that encompasses all areas around individual what could limit a species geo range?- if marine organism have to live in water, climate (don’t have capacity to cool off), salinity, food source, geographic barrier such as mountain range-Invasive species are really good at overcoming/ overarching barriers- example: snakeheads that can live in a range from 0-30 degrees C; native to Asia-Can look at distribution on various spacial scalesSpacial scale in this forest or this acre, state, etc; have to make sure you are sampling in proper distribution range-Different characteristic distributions: Clump, random, uniformThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-light availability, food, competition, etcDistributions-Random distribution- among different variance spots, your variance is equal to your average # of individual divided by unit areaUniform: Variance less than meanClumped: variance is greater than mean; lots of variation-Quadrat sampling is good for organisms that don’t moveMark recapture: How you determine density with something that movesFirst week go out and fish for 5 hours and get 50 fish- beginningSecond week go out and fish for 5 hours and get 30 fish - endN= nxM/R 30-10/5= 300/5=60-What if you don’t recapture anything you marked? Maybe changed the time you were fishing, where are the fish ( are they homebodies? are they transient organisms that go on a random), put enough effort in so maybe 5 hours was not long enough, is it a high predation area?, are markings attracted by predators?Age structure- proportion of individuals in a certain age group-Example: Depending on the species, what age do they lose feathers and grow adult ones or new ones: diseases like molting and at what age that happensStage structure- individuals in certain life-history stage classMovement of individuals: Can enter a pop or leave a popSpecies can immigrate or emigrateImmigration and change in time- migration! where are you going to measure, what age, migration patterns, etcMigration is example on temporalExample of both temporal and spatial that will affect distribution densities- distribution of things in pond as top two feet freeze, tides (incoming and outgoing