MICROBIO 160: FINAL
49 Cards in this Set
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A________ is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions
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disease
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What is NOT a type of disease
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Contagious Disease
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In which of the following cells would you most expect the greatest expression of telomerase?
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developing embryo and metastatic cancer cells
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Which of the following is NOT part of the Scientific Process?
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Exploration
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The more differentiated a tissue appears, the________.
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lower the likelihood of metastatic cancer
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Your favorite Aunt, Esmeralda has had a wart on her cheek for as long as you can remember. However it has not grown any larger.
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Benign Tumor
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tumors have evolved several tricks to maintain their existence in the body. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is typical
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stimulate angiogenesis
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We discussed at length the principles of the genetic code and how proteins are made of. If you have a DNA sequence of 600 nucleo
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2000
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which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of cancer cells?
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increased density dependent growth
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Spontaneous Generation is defined as:
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the idea that non living objects can give rise to living organisms.
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There are three major gene families which are characteristically damaged in patients with cancer. Which of the following is NOT
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a protein kinase gene
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These types of cancers account for 85% of all cancers, and occur in epithelial cells
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Carcinomas
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In terms of overall occurrences, most cases of cancer occur in people aged:
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50+
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This is the term used for the formation of new blood vessels when there are no pre- existing ones, like during the development
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vasculogenesis
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The cell is the basic unit of life and consists of different compartments and organelles. Where in the cell does DNA REPLICATIO
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Nucleus
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Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways a cancer can spread?
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Vasculogenesis
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Which of the following is not one of the factors that influence cancer survival rates?
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Encounter with potent bacterial toxins
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Epithellial cells are involved in the majority of cancers. These cells ______.
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line the surface of our skin and organs
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Which of the following is true of normal adult cells but not cancer cells
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cell death occurs after a finate number of cell divisions
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When a cancer spreads from the primary tumor to a distant place in the body, this process is called?
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Metastasis
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Which of the following best describes the origin of most cancers?
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a single cell undergoes multiple mutations and then grows to form a tumor
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Cancers are described by the type of tissue in which they develop. A tumor derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat or connecti
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Sarcoma
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Which of the following statements describing antibodies is FALSE
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Antibodies stimulate cancer cells to produce immunotoxins
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Through what two systems can a cancer cell travel to distant sites in the body during metastasis
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Circulatory and Lymphatic systems
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Cancer cells that have reduced anchorage dependent growth allows them to ______
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metastasize
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Where is DNA transcribed into mRNA?
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In the nucleus
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What protein in the cell âacts like the cookâ and translates mRNA molecules into proteins
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Ribosome
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Which of the following is NOT a way that cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system
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Cancer cells actively destroy the lymph vessels of the body so that immune cells
cannot reach them
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Robert Koch is now well known in the field of Microbiology for a set of rules he created, now commonly referred to as Koch's pos
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They help to determine if a particular infectious agent causes a certain disease
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The process by which an mRNA is made from the DNA is called?
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Transcription
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The three letter sequences by which a ribosome translates an mRNA are called?
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codons
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this process is how sex cells (sperm/eggs) are produced?
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Meiosis
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which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal cell?
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stimulate sustained angiogeneses
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Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that regulate cell_______ and cell______
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growth, differentiation
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. In the past many individuals concluded that the immune system had no role in combating cancer. Which of the following stateme
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Patients on immunosuppressive drugs have a higher rate of cance
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A cell uses _______ at the ends of its DNA to determine how old it is
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telomerase
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What percentage of cancer deaths occur because of where a cancer ends up, not where it begins?
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90%
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The foreign proteins found on the outside of things such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, and parasites that your immune system re
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Antigens
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. Which of the following is the immune cell of your body that is responsible for producing antibodies?
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plasma B-cells
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The drug that is used to treat Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, that works by binding to the CD20 receptor of B-cells is called what
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Rituxan
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Which statement below best describes how naturally produced antibodies work in the immune system?
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Antibodies bind to antigens and act like signaling flags to other immune cells so they know what to destroy
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Prevalence is defined as
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The number of people in a given population that have a certain type of cancer at a specific point in time
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Most of the people who take part in cancer related clinical trials are among what age group?
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0-14 years old
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An oncogene is a damaged version of a _____ and is characterized by its ______.
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Proto-oncogene; Uncontrolled regulation of cell growth and differentiation
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very clinical trial in the United States must be approved and monitored by a _______?
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International review board
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What are Phase I Clinical Trials designed to determine?
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initial safety and tolerability
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Where do all the white blood cells (immune cells) originate from in your body (where are they produced)?
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Bone Marrow
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DNA is made up of a 4 letter system, what are the letters and how do they pair together?
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A to T and G to C
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The process by which a cell âcommits suicideâ when it has become damaged is called?
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apoptosis
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