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A________ is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions
disease
What is NOT a type of disease
Contagious Disease
In which of the following cells would you most expect the greatest expression of telomerase?
developing embryo and metastatic cancer cells
Which of the following is NOT part of the Scientific Process?
Exploration
The more differentiated a tissue appears, the________.
lower the likelihood of metastatic cancer
Your favorite Aunt, Esmeralda has had a wart on her cheek for as long as you can remember. However it has not grown any larger.
Benign Tumor
tumors have evolved several tricks to maintain their existence in the body. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is typical
stimulate angiogenesis
We discussed at length the principles of the genetic code and how proteins are made of. If you have a DNA sequence of 600 nucleo
2000
which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of cancer cells?
increased density dependent growth
Spontaneous Generation is defined as:
the idea that non living objects can give rise to living organisms.
There are three major gene families which are characteristically damaged in patients with cancer. Which of the following is NOT
a protein kinase gene
These types of cancers account for 85% of all cancers, and occur in epithelial cells
Carcinomas
In terms of overall occurrences, most cases of cancer occur in people aged:
50+
This is the term used for the formation of new blood vessels when there are no pre- existing ones, like during the development
vasculogenesis
The cell is the basic unit of life and consists of different compartments and organelles. Where in the cell does DNA REPLICATIO
Nucleus
Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways a cancer can spread?
Vasculogenesis
Which of the following is not one of the factors that influence cancer survival rates?
Encounter with potent bacterial toxins
Epithellial cells are involved in the majority of cancers. These cells ______.
line the surface of our skin and organs
Which of the following is true of normal adult cells but not cancer cells
cell death occurs after a finate number of cell divisions
When a cancer spreads from the primary tumor to a distant place in the body, this process is called?
Metastasis
Which of the following best describes the origin of most cancers?
a single cell undergoes multiple mutations and then grows to form a tumor
Cancers are described by the type of tissue in which they develop. A tumor derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat or connecti
Sarcoma
Which of the following statements describing antibodies is FALSE
Antibodies stimulate cancer cells to produce immunotoxins
Through what two systems can a cancer cell travel to distant sites in the body during metastasis
Circulatory and Lymphatic systems
Cancer cells that have reduced anchorage dependent growth allows them to ______
metastasize
Where is DNA transcribed into mRNA?
In the nucleus
What protein in the cell “acts like the cook” and translates mRNA molecules into proteins
Ribosome
Which of the following is NOT a way that cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system
Cancer cells actively destroy the lymph vessels of the body so that immune cells cannot reach them
Robert Koch is now well known in the field of Microbiology for a set of rules he created, now commonly referred to as Koch's pos
They help to determine if a particular infectious agent causes a certain disease
The process by which an mRNA is made from the DNA is called?
Transcription
The three letter sequences by which a ribosome translates an mRNA are called?
codons
this process is how sex cells (sperm/eggs) are produced?
Meiosis
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal cell?
stimulate sustained angiogeneses
Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that regulate cell_______ and cell______
growth, differentiation
. In the past many individuals concluded that the immune system had no role in combating cancer. Which of the following stateme
Patients on immunosuppressive drugs have a higher rate of cance
A cell uses _______ at the ends of its DNA to determine how old it is
telomerase
What percentage of cancer deaths occur because of where a cancer ends up, not where it begins?
90%
The foreign proteins found on the outside of things such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, and parasites that your immune system re
Antigens
. Which of the following is the immune cell of your body that is responsible for producing antibodies?
plasma B-cells
The drug that is used to treat Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, that works by binding to the CD20 receptor of B-cells is called what
Rituxan
Which statement below best describes how naturally produced antibodies work in the immune system?
Antibodies bind to antigens and act like signaling flags to other immune cells so they know what to destroy
Prevalence is defined as
The number of people in a given population that have a certain type of cancer at a specific point in time
Most of the people who take part in cancer related clinical trials are among what age group?
0-14 years old
An oncogene is a damaged version of a _____ and is characterized by its ______.
Proto-oncogene; Uncontrolled regulation of cell growth and differentiation
very clinical trial in the United States must be approved and monitored by a _______?
International review board
What are Phase I Clinical Trials designed to determine?
initial safety and tolerability
Where do all the white blood cells (immune cells) originate from in your body (where are they produced)?
Bone Marrow
DNA is made up of a 4 letter system, what are the letters and how do they pair together?
A to T and G to C
The process by which a cell “commits suicide” when it has become damaged is called?
apoptosis

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