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MICROBIO 160: FINAL
A________ is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions |
disease
|
What is NOT a type of disease |
Contagious Disease
|
In which of the following cells would you most expect the greatest expression of telomerase? |
developing embryo and metastatic cancer cells
|
Which of the following is NOT part of the Scientific Process? |
Exploration
|
The more differentiated a tissue appears, the________. |
lower the likelihood of metastatic cancer
|
Your favorite Aunt, Esmeralda has had a wart on her cheek for as long as you can remember. However it has not grown any larger. |
Benign Tumor
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tumors have evolved several tricks to maintain their existence in the body. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is typical |
stimulate angiogenesis
|
We discussed at length the principles of the genetic code and how proteins are made of. If you have a DNA sequence of 600 nucleo |
2000 |
which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of cancer cells? |
increased density dependent growth
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Spontaneous Generation is defined as: |
the idea that non living objects can give rise to living organisms.
|
There are three major gene families which are characteristically damaged in patients with cancer. Which of the following is NOT |
a protein kinase gene
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These types of cancers account for 85% of all cancers, and occur in epithelial cells |
Carcinomas
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In terms of overall occurrences, most cases of cancer occur in people aged: |
50+
|
This is the term used for the formation of new blood vessels when there are no pre- existing ones, like during the development |
vasculogenesis
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The cell is the basic unit of life and consists of different compartments and organelles. Where in the cell does DNA REPLICATIO |
Nucleus |
Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways a cancer can spread? |
Vasculogenesis
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Which of the following is not one of the factors that influence cancer survival rates? |
Encounter with potent bacterial toxins
|
Epithellial cells are involved in the majority of cancers. These cells ______. |
line the surface of our skin and organs
|
Which of the following is true of normal adult cells but not cancer cells |
cell death occurs after a finate number of cell divisions
|
When a cancer spreads from the primary tumor to a distant place in the body, this process is called? |
Metastasis
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Which of the following best describes the origin of most cancers? |
a single cell undergoes multiple mutations and then grows to form a tumor
|
Cancers are described by the type of tissue in which they develop. A tumor derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat or connecti |
Sarcoma
|
Which of the following statements describing antibodies is FALSE |
Antibodies stimulate cancer cells to produce immunotoxins
|
Through what two systems can a cancer cell travel to distant sites in the body during metastasis |
Circulatory and Lymphatic systems
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Cancer cells that have reduced anchorage dependent growth allows them to ______ |
metastasize
|
Where is DNA transcribed into mRNA? |
In the nucleus
|
What protein in the cell âacts like the cookâ and translates mRNA molecules into proteins |
Ribosome
|
Which of the following is NOT a way that cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system |
Cancer cells actively destroy the lymph vessels of the body so that immune cells
cannot reach them
|
Robert Koch is now well known in the field of Microbiology for a set of rules he created, now commonly referred to as Koch's pos |
They help to determine if a particular infectious agent causes a certain disease
|
The process by which an mRNA is made from the DNA is called? |
Transcription
|
The three letter sequences by which a ribosome translates an mRNA are called? |
codons
|
this process is how sex cells (sperm/eggs) are produced? |
Meiosis
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which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal cell? |
stimulate sustained angiogeneses
|
Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that regulate cell_______ and cell______ |
growth, differentiation
|
. In the past many individuals concluded that the immune system had no role in combating cancer. Which of the following stateme |
Patients on immunosuppressive drugs have a higher rate of cance
|
A cell uses _______ at the ends of its DNA to determine how old it is |
telomerase
|
What percentage of cancer deaths occur because of where a cancer ends up, not where it begins? |
90%
|
The foreign proteins found on the outside of things such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, and parasites that your immune system re |
Antigens
|
. Which of the following is the immune cell of your body that is responsible for producing antibodies? |
plasma B-cells
|
The drug that is used to treat Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, that works by binding to the CD20 receptor of B-cells is called what |
Rituxan
|
Which statement below best describes how naturally produced antibodies work in the immune system? |
Antibodies bind to antigens and act like signaling flags to other immune cells so they know what to destroy
|
Prevalence is defined as |
The number of people in a given population that have a certain type of cancer at a specific point in time
|
Most of the people who take part in cancer related clinical trials are among what age group? |
0-14 years old
|
An oncogene is a damaged version of a _____ and is characterized by its ______. |
Proto-oncogene; Uncontrolled regulation of cell growth and differentiation
|
very clinical trial in the United States must be approved and monitored by a _______? |
International review board
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What are Phase I Clinical Trials designed to determine? |
initial safety and tolerability
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Where do all the white blood cells (immune cells) originate from in your body (where are they produced)? |
Bone Marrow
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DNA is made up of a 4 letter system, what are the letters and how do they pair together? |
A to T and G to C
|
The process by which a cell âcommits suicideâ when it has become damaged is called? |
apoptosis
|