PSC 124: Chapter 3 and 4
35 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Interdependence
|
A political and economic situation in which two states are simultaneously dependent on each other for their well-being. The degree of interdependence is sometimes designated in terms of "sensitivity" or "vulnerability"
|
|
Neoliberal
|
Short hand for "neoliberal constitutionalism," an approach that stresses the importance of international institutions in reducing the inherent conflict that realists assume in an international system; the reasoning is based on the core liberal idea that seeking long-term mutual gains is o…
|
|
international regime
|
A set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain international issue area (such as oceans or monetary policy)
|
|
Collective security
|
The formation of a broad alliance of most major actors in an international system for the purpose of the jointly opposing aggression by any actor; sometimes seen as presupposing the existence of a universal organization (such as the United Nations) to which both the aggressor and its oppo…
|
|
Democratic peace
|
The proposition, strongly supported by empirical evidence, that democracies almost never fight wars against each other (although they do fight against authoritarian states)
|
|
Constructivism
|
A movement in IR theory that examines how changing international norms and actors' identities help shape the content interests
|
|
postmodernisim
|
An approach that denies the existence of a single fixed reality, and pays special attention to texts and to discourses- that is, to how people talk and write about a subject
|
|
subtext
|
Meanings that are implicit or hidden in a text rather than explicitly addressed
|
|
economic classes
|
A categorization of individuals based on economic status
|
|
Marxism
|
A branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes both communism and other approaches
|
|
Conflict resolution
|
The development and implementation of peaceful strategies for settling conflicts
|
|
mediation
|
The use of a third party (or parties) in conflict resolution
|
|
militarism
|
The glorification of war, military force, and violence
|
|
positive peace
|
A peace that resolves the underlying reasons for war; not just cease-fire but a transformation of relationships, including elimination or reduction of economic exploitation and political oppression
|
|
world government
|
A centralized world governing body with strong enforcement powers
|
|
peace movements
|
Movements against specific wars or against war and militarism in general, usually involving large numbers of people and forms of direct action such as street protests
|
|
difference feminism
|
A strand of feminism that believes gender differences are not just socially constructed and that views women are inherently less warlike than men (on average)
|
|
liberal feminism
|
A strand of feminism that emphasizes gender equality and views the "essential" differences in men's and women's abilities or perspectives as trivial or nonexistent
|
|
postmodern feminism
|
An effort to combine feminist and postmodernist perspectives with the aim of uncovering the hidden influences of gender in IR and showing how arbitrary the construction of gender roles is
|
|
gender gap
|
Refers to polls showing women lower than men on average in their support for military actions, as well as for various other issues and candidates
|
|
rational model
|
A model in which decision makers calculate the costs and benefits of each possible course of action, then choose the one with the highest benefits and lowest costs
|
|
organizational process model
|
A decision-making model in which policy makers or lower-level officials rely largely on standardized responses or standard operating procedures
|
|
government bargaining model
|
A model that sees foreign policy decisions as flowing from a bargaining process among various government agencies that have somewhat divergent interests in the outcome ("where you stands depends on where you sit"). Also called the "bureaucratic politics model"
|
|
misperceptions, selective perceptions
|
selective or mistaken processing of the available information about a decision; one of several ways- along with affective and cognitive bias- in which individual decision making diverges from the rational model
|
|
information screens
|
The subconscious or unconscious filters through which people put the information coming in about the world around them
|
|
optimizing
|
Picking the very best option; contrasts with satisficing, or finding a satisfactory but less than best solution to a problem. The model of "bounded rationality" postulates that decision makers generally "satisfice" rather than optimize
|
|
satisficing
|
The act of finding a satisfactory or "good enough" solution to a problem
|
|
prospect theory
|
A decision-making theory that holds that options are assessed by comparison to a reference point, which is often the status quo but might be some past or expected situation. The model also holds that decision makers fear losses more than they value gains
|
|
groupthink
|
The tendency of groups to validate wrong decisions by becoming overconfident and underestimating risks
|
|
interest groups
|
Coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of some political issue and who organize themselves to try to influence the outcome
|
|
military-industrial complex
|
A huge interlocking network of governmental agencies, industrial cooperations, and research institutes, all working together to promote and benefit from military spending
|
|
public opinion
|
In IR, the range of views on foreign policy issues held by the citizens of a state
|
|
"rally 'round the flag' syndrome
|
The public's increased support for government leaders during wartime, at least in the short term
|
|
diversionary foreign policy
|
Foreign policies adopted to distract the public from domestic political problems
|
|
foreign policy process
|
The process by which foreign policies are arrived at and implemented
|
PSC 124: Exam 1