ANTH 160A1: Exam 5
27 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
anthropology
|
the science that deals wit origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind
|
|
holistic
|
Referring to wholeness; taking interconnections into account. Fields of study do not stand alone as they refer to one another for complete understanding
|
|
culture
|
The behaviors and belief characteristics of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. Pattern of human activity and their associated symbolic structures. Culture as the human means of adaptation to their environment.
Culture is:
-Non-biological- not transferred through geneti…
|
|
archaeology
|
The study of past human behavior as evidenced by material culture.
The scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, especially those that have been excavated.
|
|
artifact
|
A handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural stage, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.
Material evidence of human (cultural) behavior
Artifacts: Any object (mobile) modified by h…
|
|
cultural evolution
|
The development of one or more cultures from simpler to more complex forms. The subject may be viewed as a uni-linear phenomenon that describes the evolution of human behavior as a whole, or it may be viewed as a multi-linear phenomenon, in which case it describes the evolution of
|
|
biological evolution
|
Is defined as any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. – Descent with modification.
|
|
homeostasis
|
The tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function.
-temperature
-acidity
-salinity
-co…
|
|
Mechanisms of Evolution
|
Natural selection
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Non-random mating
|
|
genes
|
Genome: Entire genetic code of an organism
Phenotype: Physical expression of a genome
|
|
BMR
|
(Basal Metabolic Rate) The minimum amount of energy required to sustain the body’s vital function.
|
|
Human Genetic Variation
|
Is the genetic difference both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism.
|
|
Human Adaptation
|
An adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, in biology is a trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. Adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary …
|
|
Allen's rule
|
Is a biological rule posited by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877.[1][2] It states that endotherms from colder climates usually have shorter limbs (or appendages) than the equivalent animals from warmer climates.
-closer to equator longer limbs
|
|
Bergmann's Rule
|
Is an Eco geographic principle that states that within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.
negative correlation
|
|
Enviromental Stressors
|
Heat – Initial stress results in increased blood flow, and excessive sweating.
Cold – Initial stress results in vasoconstriction close to surface and shivering.
High Altitude – Hypoxia: decreased oxygen , higher blood pressure and and higher breathing rates, diseases like Mongs …
|
|
Acclimation
|
To accustom or become accustomed to a new climate or environment; adapt.
cold, heat, high altitude, solar radiation (short term)
|
|
Acclimatization
|
changes occurring within a lifetime that reduced strain caused by environmental stressors
child developmental long term
ex: increased lung capacity in higher altitude
|
|
race
|
A group of persons related by common descent or heredity.
|
|
Continuous Variation
|
Variation within a population in which a graded series of intermediate phenotypes fall between the extremes. Height in human beings, for example, exists in continuous variation.
|
|
Stress hormones
|
epinephrine and norepinephrine
secreted by the adrenal glands
|
|
thyroxine
|
secreted by thyriod gland to control metabolism
|
|
hypothalamus
|
regulates core body temperature
|
|
Conduction
|
the loss of body heat through direct contact with another object or the ground
|
|
convection
|
movement of molecules from warm to cool areas "wind Chill"
|
|
adaptation
|
response and adjustment to environmental stressors
|
|
malinin
|
pigment in skin to obtain and regulate vitamin D
|
ANTH 160A1: Anthropology Final