Part 2 Physiology 206 Notes - Flashcards
38 Cards in this Set
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3 Muscle Categories
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Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
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Skeletal muscle
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Skeletal muscle is a form of striated muscle tissue which is under the control of the somatic nervous system; that is to say, it is voluntarily controlled.
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Cardiac muscle
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a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.
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Smooth Muscle
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Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle.
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Striation
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Striations means a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks, made from the arrangement of proteins.
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Muscle Fiber
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Also call Muscle Cell
Relative large, elongated, and cylinder shaped that form muscles
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Myofibrils
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Cylindrical intercellular structure that makes up muscle cell.
Visible manifestation of proteins
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Myosin
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Thick filaments or thick assemblies of proteins
In muscle of bundles
Attach and overlap on one another
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Actin
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Thiner filaments
Gives rigidity- makes hard to pull apart
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Define: Sliding-Filamnet Mechanism
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When muscle fiber contract, the thick and thin filaments stay the same size, they just get closer together.
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Terms for Sliding-Filament Mechanism
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Energy Source ADP
ADP provides energy for cell contraction
Energy is received from Mitochondria
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Sacrcoplasmic Reticulum
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Two Types Muscle Contractions
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Isometric
Isotonic
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Isometric Contraction
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A muscle contraction in which muscle tension develops at constant muscle length
Can generate force without shortening
Inverse relationship between force and velocity -Force low, Velocity high -…
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Isotonic Contraction
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A muscle contraction in which tension remains unchanged and the muscle's length changes.
Lifting an object at a constant speed is an example of isotonic contractions.
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Work
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Moving force through a distance
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Power
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Rate at which work is done.
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Two types of Proteins
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Actin
Myosin
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Tetanic Stimulation
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Sensation the leads to Tetany
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Tetany
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restimulation before muscle is relaxed that can lead to the muscle staying contracted.
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Average Stimulation per second
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50-55
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Electric current in U.S
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60 stimuli per sec
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Electric current of the rest of the world
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50 stimuli per sec
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Twitch
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A single action potential in a muscle fiber produces a brief weak contraction .
Either it contracts or it doesn't- No halfway
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Neutral Control
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Helps to make fine movements
Brain sends out instructions to many Motor Units to send out
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Motor Unit
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equals 1 motor Neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates
1 motor Unit innervates more than one cell
Motor Nerves that make fingers work have small motor units
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Smooth Muscle (In depth)
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1. Does not have striations -Actin and Myosin present, but elements are not lined up in registered order so there are not visible manifestations of striations .
2. Smooth Muscle cells are electrically connected to one another ; t…
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Muscle use energy to do work
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Uses ATP for energy
Source for ATP come from Mitchondria
During Aerobic (Continue to do for long time)
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Respiration
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Uses oxygen in Mitochondria to produce ATP; can generate 2/3 of ATP
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Lactic acid
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Causes muscle fatigue, muscle refuses to contract anymore.
Reduces level of activity; Anaerobic respiration replaces oxygen and gets rid of Lactic Acid.
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Types of Muscle Fiber
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Red Muscle
White Muscle
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Red Muscle
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Looks dark; Lots of Myoglobin
Red Protein
Carries oxygen
Creates réservoir of oxygen, so when you work to the point where you do too much, you can go a little longer because of stored oxygen
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White Muscle
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Not able to sustain aerobic as long; less myoglobin; more Actin and Myosin; meaning more power, but because no reservoir of oxygen; fatigues quickly
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Human Muscle are made up of what kind of muscles
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Both red and white
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Hypertrophy
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Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
>Increase in vasculator >blood vessels increase; more blood flow to exercised muscle.
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Atrophy
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Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body.
Muscle gets smaller, and loses tone.
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Cardiac Muscle (In depth)
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Heart has four chambers
Heart is a pump, mechanical device
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Main types of Muscles that makeup the heart?
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1. Ventricular muscle- big and strong -pumping
2. Atrial muscle - weaker
3. Conducting muscle
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Part 2 Physiology 206 Notes - Flashcards