31 Cards in this Set
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Wild Type
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Wild type refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.
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Recombinant Type
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Offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the true-breeding P generation parents.
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Recombination of linked genes occurs by?
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Crossing over between non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
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Complete Dominance
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Phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
Example: Aa will show same features as AA
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Incomplete Dominance
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Phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homogygous for either allele.
Example: if WW is white and ww is purple, Ww is pink.
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Codominance
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Phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype.
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Pleiotropy
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Occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.
Example: PKU disease is caused by mutations on a single gene and causes mental retardation and reduced hair and skin pigmentation.
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Epistasis
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The phenomenon where the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes, which are sometimes called modifier genes.
Example: gene causing albinism hides gene controlling hair color.
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Anticodon
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Base triplet within tRNA
Nucleotide that base-pairs with a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
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Transcription Factors
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Protein that assists in the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA and initiation of transcription from the transcription start and assist with initiation transcript.
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Ligase
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Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments.
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DNA Polymerase I
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Enzyme that removes RNA nucleotides and replaces these nucleotides with DNA nucleotides.
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DNA Polymerase III
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Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand of DNA
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Independent Assortment
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Random alignment of tetrads on the metaphase plate during Meiosis I
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RNA Polymerase
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Adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA transcript in eukaryotic cells.
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TATA Box
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Base sequence within the template and non-template strands of DNA that is upstream from the transcription start point and assists with the binding of RNA polymerase.
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Wobble
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Term that refers to a relaxation of base pairing rules for the binding of anticodons to codons.
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Release Factor
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Binds to the A site of the ribosome during the termination of translation.
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Adenylyl Cyclase
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Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP
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Protein Kinase
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Alters the activity of other enzymes by phosphorylating the enzyme.
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Outputs of the Calvin Cycle?
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ADP, NADP+, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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Source of Oxygen in Photosynthesis?
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H2O (water).
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Outputs of Light Dependent Reactions?
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NADPH, ATP
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Nuclear Envelope
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Contains openings or pores that allow movement of materials from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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Molecule produced within the glycolytic pathway?
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Pyruvate
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When is CO2 produced in cellular respiration?
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Within the junction between glycolysis and the krebs cycle, and the krebs cycle.
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What is the most common route for the synthesis and trafficking of proteins secreted from cell?
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Rough ER, vesicles, Golgi, vesicles, plasma membrane
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Events leading to synthesis of ATP within oxidative phosphorylation?
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donation of electrons by NADH
movement of electrons from one carrier complex to next
generation of a proton gradient
synthesis of ATP via the enzymatic action of ATP synthase
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What does "glyco" refer to in "glycoprotein"?
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Carbohydrate portion of molecule.
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Products of Oxydative Phosphorylation within the electron transport chain?
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ATP, NAD+, and H2O
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Active Site
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specific region where the substrate or reactant binds.
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BIOL 150: Final