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Mastering biology metabolism 1 which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones a Dehydration b Anabolism c Catabolism d Metabolism e Catalysis 2 Which of the following is a statement of the 1st law of thermodynamics a Energy can not be transferred or transformed b The entropy of the universe is constant c The entropy of the universe is decreasing d Energy can not be created or destroyed e Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter 3 For living organisms which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics a The energy content of an organism is constant b The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment c Life does not obey the 1st law of thermodynamics d The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity e Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter 4 Which of the following statements is representative of the 2nd law of thermodynamics a Concervation of energy from one form to another is always accompanied by some gain of free energy b Without an input of energy organisms would tend toward decreasing c Heat represents a form of energy that can be used by most organisms d Every energy transformation by a cell decreases the entropy of the e Cells require continuous input of energy to maintain their high level of energy to do work universe organization 5 Which of the following is an example of potential energy a The flight of an insect foraging for food b Light flashes emitted by a firefly c Water rushing over Niagara falls d A molecule of glucose e The muscle contractions of a person mowing grass 6 Rank the molecules from highest to lowest energy content a ATP b ADP c Molecule with one phosphate d adenosine 7 general structure of atp a the is the 3rd phosphate group attached to the beta phosphate farthest from the ribose sugar where it is most likely to participate in energy releasing reactions b the is the phosphate group closest to the ribose sugar c the is the scaffold that provides the backbone for the entire ATP molecule d the is the phosphate group attached to the alpha phosphate e the is the nitrogenous base attached to the ribose sugar 8 Rate vs substrate concentration for an enzyme graph a Which region does the reaction rate remain constant b In which region is the enzyme saturated with substrate 9 Consider a situation in which the enzyme is operating at optimum temperature and pH and has been saturated with substrate What is your best option for increasing the rate of the reaction a b c d Increase the pH Increase the temperature Increase the enzyme concentration Increase the substrate concentration 10 If you have a severe fever what grave consequences may occur if the fever is not controlled a The removal of amine groups from your proteins b Destruction of your enzymes primary structure c Removal of the aa in active sites of your enzymes d Binding of your enzymes to inappropriate substrates e Change in the tertiary structure of your enzymes 11 Temp and pH charts which temperature and pH profile curves on the graph were most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach a 1 and 4 b 2 and 5 c 1 and 5 d 2 and 4 e 3 and 4 12 Protein kinases are enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation of target proteins at specific sites whereas protein phosphotases catalyze the removal of phosphates from phosphorylated proteins Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation can function as an on off switch for a proteins activity most likely through a The change in a proteins charge leading to clevage b The excision of one or more peptides c A change in optimal pH at which the reaction will occur d A change in the optimal temperature at which a reaction will occur e The change in a proteins charge leading to a conformational change 13 Most cells can not harness heat to perform work because a Temperature is usually uniform throughout the cell b Cells do not have much heat they are relatively cool c Heat must remain constant during work d Heat can never be used to do work e Heat is not a form of energy 14 Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because a High temperatures make catalysis unnecessary b They are able to maintain a lower internal temperature c They use molecules other than proteins or RNAs as their main catalysts d Their enzymes are completely insensitive to temperature e Their enzymes have high optimal temperatures 15 What is the free energy change G of the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP a The free energy change of the hydrolysis of atp is constant and 7 3 kcal mole b The free energy change of ATP hydrolysis may vary considerable with variations in pH temp atmospheric pressure and concentrations of reactants and products c The free energy change of the hydrolysis of ATP 7 3 kcal mole but it varies from species to species 16 Cellular respiration diagram label each part of the diagram 17 When a molecule of NAD gains a hydrogen atom the molecule becomes a Dehydrogenated b Oxidized c Redoxed d Reduced e hydrolyzed 18 When a compound loses donates electrons that compound becomes such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor 19 When a compound gains accepts electrons that compound becomes such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor 20 In glycolysis the carbon containing compound that functions as the electron 21 Once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons it is oxidized to a donor is compound called 22 is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis 23 The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is 24 Among the products of glycolysis which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions a CO2 only b ATP only c Pyruvate and ATP only d O2 only e NADH only f ATP and NADH only g Pyruvate ATP and NADH 25 Draw out citric acid cycle 26 What compounds are used in glycolysis net input net output or neither a Glucose ADP NAD Pyruvate NADH ATP CO2 coenzyme A acetyl CoA O2 27 What are the inputs and outputs of the citric acid cycle 28 What are the inputs and outputs of oxidative phosphorylation 29 What are the locations of the following processes a Glycolysis b Acetyl coA formation c Citric Acid cyle d Oxidative phosphorylation 30 In mitochondrial electron transport what is the direct role of O2 a To function as the final electron acceptor in the electron


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KU BIOL 150 - Mastering biology metabolism

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