51 Cards in this Set
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Whenever energy is transformed from one form into another form, there is always a decrease
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in the enthalpy of reactants and products
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What is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?
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hydrogen bonds
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Compared with a pH of 6, a solution of pH 9 has:
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1000 times the H+ concentration
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Charles Darwin proposed that "those individuals that possess superior physical, behavioral, or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed," and thus are more likely to pass their traits to the next generation. This is a description of what Darwin c…
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Natural selection
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Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells?
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Mitochondria
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Phospholipids:
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Spontaneously form bilayers in water
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During what cell cycle are chromosomes photographed to produce a karyotype?
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Metaphase
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Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions by:
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lowering the activation energy of the reaction
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A series of enzymes catalyze the reactions A>B>C>D. Substance D binds to enzyme 1 at a site other than its active site, which reduces enzyme activity. Substance D is:
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a substrate
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When a carbon compound is oxidized, it:
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loses high-energy electrons
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About how many grams of the amino acid serine equals two moles?
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210
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The movement of molecules through a cellular membrane from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration requires energy and is called:
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active transport
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The ATP made during fermentation results from which metabolic process?
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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which of the following is NOT one of the major domains of life?
a) archaea
b) animalia
c) bacteria
d) eukarya
e) all are domains of life
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animalia
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The lac and trp operons are similar in that both:
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are negatively regulated (turned off) by a repressor
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Which process occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?
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Kreb cycle
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Microtubules
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-cell motility
-transport in nerve axons
-chromosome movement in mitosis
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Plant vacuole
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turgor pressure
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plasma membrane
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cell-cell recognition
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the golgi apparatus
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stores, modifies, and packages proteins
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A man's X chromosome will be inherited by:
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All of his daughters
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Water is a reactant in photosynthesis. How is water used?
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it is split, leading to the release of molecular oxygen, electrons, and protons
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Endosymbiont organelles
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are descended from free-living bacteria
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What is involved in both the light reactions of photosynthesis AND the Calvin Cycle?
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ATP
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What happens during prophase of mitosis?
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chromosomes condense
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Mendels law of Independent Assortment relates to:
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The inheritance of 2 alleles of a gene
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Tomato plants heterozygous for two traits were allowed to self fertilize. What proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous for both traits?
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1/4
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The haploid number of chromosomes in Arabidopsis, a type of mustard plant, is 5. Following meiosis, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in Arabidopsis pollen?
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2^5= 32
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Mendel crossed true breeding tall and dwarf plants. In the F1 generation all of the plants were tall. In the f2 generation, if he observed 618 tall plants he would expect about ___ dwarf plants.
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200
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What is the probability of an individual having the genotype AaBbCcDd if its parents were AABbCCdd and aaBbccDd
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1/16
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Color blindness is a recessive, X-linked condition. A woman who is a carrier and a man who is color blind are expected to have a daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will be color blind?
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50%
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The following is one reaction of the Krebs cycle: Malate + NAD > Oxaloacetate + NADH. With regard to these reactants and products, which of the following statements is true?
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malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate
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How many different trinucleotides are possible?
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64
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Which process occurs in essentially all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
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glycolysis
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Where or when can non-disjunction occur?
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in females and males and during meiosis 1 and 2.
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Two chromosomes that are structurally alike and carry nearly identical genetic information are:
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a homologous pair
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___ is part of the tRNA molecule that interacts with mRNA?
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an anticodon
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Which of the following is true of a species in which the haploid number is 14 (1n=14)?
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diploid cells
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The phenotype of a heterozygote differs from the phenotypes of both homozygotes. The simplest explanation of this situation is:
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incomplete dominance
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In the universal genetic code:
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each amino acid is encoded by 3 DNA bases
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Which of the following is NOT a means of controlling gene expression in a eukaryotic cell?
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activating a group of genes in an operon
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Some viruses contain no DNA. The genetic material of these viruses is:
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RNA
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ALL living cells are characterized by:
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a mechanism for reproducing themselves
metabolism
a means of transmitting inherited traits to the next generation
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RAV-o and RSV are two viruses that can infect chicken cells. The ciruses are nearly identical except that RSV contains ____, which leads to cancer in infected chickens.
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an oncogene
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Among African Americans, approximately 1 out of 400 has sickle cell disease. Among the affected population, what is the approximate frequency of carriers?
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1/10
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The frequency of crossing over between two linked genes:
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is related to the distance between them.
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Which term best describes the following (unbalanced) chemical reaction:
CO2 + H20 + Energy > glucose+ O2
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Endergonic
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Differences in the structure and function of brain cells and live cells are due to:
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the expression of different genes
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Which of the following is true for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression?
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RNA polomerase may recognize a promoter region and begin transcription
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Greater than 95% of a human cell is made up of which four elements?
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carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
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Rudolph the reindeer had a shiny nose and his girlfriend Clarisse had a dull nose. After "playing some reindeer games," they ended up with a herd of little reindeer, all of whom had a dull noses. It is likely that the shiny nose trait is:
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a recessive trait
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BIOS 208: EXAM 1