25 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Historical Sages
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Socrates
Krishna
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Confucius
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Worldviews
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Naturalistic
Wiccan
Theistic
Pantheistic
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Worldview Definition
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Our most basic assumptions about the nature of reality
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What makes a fundamental question?
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Historically perennial
Conceptually Foundational
Existentially inescapable
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9 Fundamental Questions
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1. Origin
2. Condition/Problem
3. Solution
4. Knowledge
5. Morality
6. Purpose/Meaning
7. Happiness
8. Death
9. Ultimate
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1. Origin?
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Why is there something rather than nothing?
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Creation Myths
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1. Explain the ultimate origin of the universe
2. Mediate one's sense of awe
3. Provides a perspective on humanity's place or role within the universe
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Answers to the Origin question
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Ex nihilo
Eternal Universe
Self-generation
Illusory
Emanation
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2. Condition/Problem?
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What is mankind's basic problem? What needs to be fixed about the world, about people? Why do we do bad things?
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Answers to the Condition/Problem question
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Death/Morality
Sin
Religion
Absurdity
Destruction of the Environment
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3. Solution?
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What can be done to fix the world/ourselves?
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Answers to the Solution question
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Islam
Education
Taoism
Technology
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4. Knowledge?
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What is required for knowledge? What conditions must be met?
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Answers to the Knowledge question
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Empiricism
Divine Revelation
Reason
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5. Morality?
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What is right/wrong? Who is the ideal person?
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Answers to the Morality question
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Divine Command Theory
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism
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6. Purpose/Meaning?
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What is the purpose/s of life? Why are we here?
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Answers to the Purpose/Meaning question
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To worship and serve our God/s
Hedonism = own personal pleasure
Existential Nihilism = no purpose/meaning
Reasons are specific to the individual
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7. Happiness?
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Money
Success
Drugs
Power
Respect
Sex
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8. Death?
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What happens when we die? Where do we go?
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Answers to the Death question
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Afterlife
Reincarnation
Cessation
Absorption
Natural Immortality
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9. Ultimate?
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What is the most foundational/basic element of reality?
What is the underlying truth/nature concerning all things?
Does God or Gods exist? What is the nature of the divine?
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Answers to the Ultimate question
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Theism
Naturalism
Pantheism
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Worldview Tests?
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How can one determine which worldview to embrace?
What are the acceptable criteria to use in evaluating a worldview?
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Criteria for Evaluation: Worldview Tests
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1. Explanation & Justification
2. Logical Consistency
3. Explanatory Scope
4. Explanatory Power
5. Plausibility
6. Simplicity & Not Ad Hoc
7. Existential Viability
8. Comparison to Rival Theories
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PHI 150: PHI150