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Parenthood during Middle Age
-The relationship grandparents develop with grandchildren contribute to sense of generativity -A growing number of middle aged fathers have children by a second spouse or partner after they have reared other children. -A Sense of Generativity or a Sense of Despair is influenced by …
Social Status Transitions
-Grandparenthood -Middle-aged Transitions -Illness or death of adult child -Remarriage -Second-generation Fathers (aka “refathers”)
Middle-Aged Children and Older Parents (60 or older)
-Parents go through sense of integrity or sense of despair -Life reviews have gender differences—men value feelings of having social influence and women value maintaining connections to others (social anchorage)
Transitions of Elderly Parents
-Retirement -Widowhood -Children’s Transitions -Children’s Middle-Aged Stressful Life Circumstances
Cultural Differences in Grandparents
-Traditional cultures—grandparents more integrated into daily lives of grandchildren and expected to play a central role in the rearing of grandchildren -Western societies-grandparents NOT expected to play primary role in socialization of grandchildren. Rules of noninterference and ind…
Grandparents in US
US—varies with ethnic diversity—in Asian, African, and Latino American backgrounds typically grandparents play an active role in grandchildren’s lives, as well as provide social support
Stressors of caring for Elderly Parents
-Has negative effects on caregivers in the area of finances, physical and emotional strains -Women usually provide more intensive personal care
Able Elderly
Quality of relationship is based on: -Proximity to grown children -Frequency of interactions -Amount of mutual aid provided Closeness or Strength of Feeling
Other qualities that affect relationships
Age Gender Ethnicity The Kinkeeper in the family has an important role in maintaining relationships
How shared leisure time promotes intergenerational relationships
Leisure and recreational time—continue to promote attachment Family customs, rituals and celebrations promote family harmony and cohesion, as well as contribute to the replaying of history Home based activities are more positive experiences for adults aged 75 and older
Other activities that promote intergenerational relationships
-Acknowledging older parents’ need to participate in ordinary activities (housekeeping, gardening, etc) -Recognizing the value of passive activities -Understanding need to be alone (especially if living alone).
How shared leisure time promotes intergenerational relationships
-Leisure and recreational time—continue to promote attachment -Family customs, rituals and celebrations promote family harmony and cohesion, as well as contribute to the replaying of history -Home based activities are more positive experiences for adults aged 75 and older

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