HIST 1311: Final Exam
60 Cards in this Set
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5 aspects of Manifest Destiny
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-political
-economic
-cultural
-racial
-religious
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Economic effects of Manifest Destiny:
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- Indians used the barter system
- Mx had fuedalism (landlords, peasants)
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cultural effects of Manifest Destiny
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- Anglos belief that they were superior to Indians
- Mx culture was "white man's burden"
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racial effects of manifest destiny
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US racial heirarchy with whites on top
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religious effects of manifest destiny
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Indians were spiritualistic and non christian
Mx was Roman Catholic
US felt superior religiously as well
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Mormons in Utah:
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Utah became their new "holy land"
excluded non Mormons
close relationships with Indians
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ideology of manifest destiny
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western expansion and God's design (from sea to shining sea)
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webster-ashburton treaty
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est border between Maine and Canada in the east and Oregon and Canada in the west (49th parallel)
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President Polk wants:
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Oregon
Texas
California
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Why pay Mexico after winning war with them?
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est legally binding agreement, US had legalistic attitude
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Free Soiler
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a group who believed that the spread if slavery should be stopped but did not think that slavery should be outlawed all together
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Popular sovereignty
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Right of the people to self government
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Compromise of 1850
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1.Reopened slavery question.
2. Henry Clay's compromise: California=free and people decided for the rest of Mexican territory.
3. slave trade (not slavery) was banned in DC.
4.fugitive slave act: southerners had right to reclaim slaves who escaped to free states. those who didn't hel…
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What 3 men are associated with the Compromise of 1850?
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Henry Clay (author)
John C. Calhoun (pro slavery)
Daniel Webster (anti slavery)
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conscience whigs
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a group of antislavery members of the whig party (Northerners)
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Cotton Whig
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Supported slavery for a economic reason (Southerner)
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Irish Potato Famine
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a famine that was caused by the loss of the Irish potato crop, which was wiped out by a blight
Ireland, 1840s
important because it showed why dependence on a single crop could be dangerous
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Harriet Beacher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
Abolitionist
Used story to humanize black slaves
Said that slavery corrupted white Christians
Book converted a lot of people to abolition
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Franklin Pierce
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1853-1857
Democrat
Considered the most handsome president
Twelve year old son was decapitated in front of him.
Youngest president until Roosevelt
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Two Generals of the Mexican War
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Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Ended Mexican War results Mexican Cession
US paid $15 million for land
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Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
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Condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women
Called for greater access to education and employment
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Know Nothings
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Members of the American Party. Maintained secrecy by claiming to know nothing.
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Temperance Reformers
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Wanted to end alcohol
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Gadsden Purchase
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Gave U.S. another 30,000 square miles in New Mexico and Arizona in 1853.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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This act of Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise (slave power conspiracy by the South uncovered)
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Ostend Manifesto
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Pierce prepared to pay $120 million for Cuba, if not he would take it by force, didn't come to anything because North found out and protested
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Bleeding Kansas
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Kansas settlers had the ability to choose whether not it should be a free or slave state, pro- and anti-slave forces fought, John Brown sought to arm slaves and get ammunition, killing 5 people in Kansas (hanged)
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John Brown
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radical Abolitionist
Led a raid starting from Kansas to Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1856. Raided arsenal planning to give weapons to slaves. Sentenced to death and was hanged.
Significance: made violence against the practice of slavery acceptable
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Dred Scott and Dred Scott Decision
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Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri who's owner moved to Illinois and kept him as a slave in Illinois (a free state). Dred Scott sued for his freedom and he argued he was in a territory where slavery was illegal.
-Slaves/blacks that were in free states could not become citizens of the Uni…
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Freeport doctrine
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Idea put forth by Stephen Douglas that the residents of a territory could still ban slavery despite what supreme court decided on with Dred Scott
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dominance of regionalism
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1860's
Democratic party split over the issue of slavery
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Election of 1860
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leads directly to secession of South
lincoln wins with only 40% of popular vote
split democratic party
douglas: only candidate to campaign for himself
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Election of 1840
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Harrison defeats van Buren w/ John Tyler as running mate
Harrison dies
Tyler(Whig) prez
thrown out of whig party
try to impeach - cabinet resigns
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Election of 1844
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Democratic Party
Candidates: Polk
Whig Party
Candidates: Clay
Liberty Party
Candidates: Birney
Polk wins election.
Significant because of the rise of abolition.
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election of 1848
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Zachary Taylor wins election, dies in office and Fillmore takes over
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The border states
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Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri
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Fugitive Slave Law
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Law passed as part of Compromise of 1850 requiring that all runaway slaves be returned to their masters; those who willfully ignored the law were to be punished
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Confederate States of America
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Confederation formed in 1861 by the 11 Southern states after their secession from the union
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What was the message of Lincoln's first inaugural speech
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3/4/1861
1. No conflict with the South unless they provoke it
2. We as a union cannot physically separate
3. He did not want to interfere with the Southern states that already were declared slave states
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Civil war: beginning event
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Firing on Fort Sumter by confederate troops April 12 1861
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Issues behind civil war
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State rights
Slave issue
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goals of the Confederate States of America during Civil War
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maintain independence of the CSA
outlast the North to win the war
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Sep. 22, 1862
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Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation in an attempt to free Southern States.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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freeing black slaves in states against the Union
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effects of the emancipation proclamation
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increased support from abroad, Britain would not support slavery
inspired slaves to escape and join the Union army
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13th Amendment
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banned slavery in the united states
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April 9 1865
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Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox courthouse
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April 14, 1865
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Lincoln assassinated
John Wilkes Booth
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Linear warfare
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soldiers line up linearly and advance toward opponent
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Union advantages during the Civil War
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1. manpower (outnumbered South by 2-1)
2. industry (manufacture and commerce)
3. finance
4. communications
5. railroad 2/3 of rail was in the North
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Confederate advantages during the Civil War
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1. slaves (didnt have to pay them to work)
2. fighting on home turf
3. quality of General Officers (Westpoint trained)
4. troops (better shooters)
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Lincoln's plan to finance the war
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1. increased tariffs
2. sell public land
3. issue paper currency (cheaper than silver/gold)
4. borrowed money from the Dutch
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Confederate plan to finance the Civil War
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created currency, led to inflation
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battles of the civil war
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1. Bull Run
2. Shiloh
3. Southern Pines
4. Antietam
5. Vicksburg
6. Fredericksburg
7. Gettysburg
8. Chancellorsville
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Second Battle of Bull Run
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This battle took place near Manassas, Virginia. Confederate Stonewall Jackson against Union John Pope. Confederacy won.
1862
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First Battle of Bull Run
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July 21, 1861; Manasses Junction, Union army had 35000 men, Beauregard only had 20000; met on July 21 & had same idea of attacking, the battle was a sobering experience for both sides & the war was not won quickly, Lincoln changed his strategies & instead tried to focus on the Anaconda Pl…
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Battle of Shiloh
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1862 Civil War Battle where nearly 25,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed and wounded; damaged Grant’s rising reputation.
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battle of seven pines
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Gen Lee vs. Gen McClellan
Lincoln visits McClellan after the battle and is largely ignored by the General (General is fired)
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What led to the Emancipation Proclamation?
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When the union "won" at the battle of Antietam
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HIST 1311: Short Terms 3