PHIL 2070: EXAM 4
30 Cards in this Set
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3 Body Doctrine of Mahayana (Trikaya)
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Transformation Body (Nirmana kaya) - The human aspect of the body
Enjoyment Body (Sambhoga Kaya) - Each of his various celestial forms
Truth Body (Dharma Kaya) - All Buddhas united in the absolute (Despite the infinity of Buddhas & Bodhisattvas Truth is ultimately 1)
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Reasons for Pan-Asian Spread
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Innovative use of Sangha: organized movement to spread Buddhism
Preference for Middle Way: appealed both intellectuals & lay people
Simplified Ethical Message: focus on compassion & morality
Acceptance of local traditions: use of local languages/symbols
India's Reputation: Regarded as…
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Buddha
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Awakened, wise
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Nirvana
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"To blow out," Liberation
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Sangha
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Community of asetics
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Dukkha
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Suffering
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Tanha
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Desire
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Anicca
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Temporary
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Anatta
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No-soul
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Arhat
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Enlightened, Liberated
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6 Realms - higher & lower realms
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Higher:
1. Heaven (gods)
2. Jealous gods
3. Humans
Lower:
4. Animals
5. Hungry ghosts
6. Hell beings
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3 Jewels
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Buddha - The enlightened one
Dharma - Teachings
Sangha (Community) - Monks & nuns
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3 Pitakas (Baskets)
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Teachings written after Buddha's death
Sutras
dialogues, spiritual teachings
Lotus, Heart, Perfect Wisdom Sutras
Vinaya
Monastic Rules
Abhidharma
Philosophical texts
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5 Skandhas (Aggregates)
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Bodies/Forms: table
Sensations: 6 feelings (I feel table)
Thoughts/Perceptions: I know table
Feelings/Mental dispositions: psychic (I love table); create karma
Consciousness: interplay of all 4 above
Summary of above 5: the soul/consciousness arises from the combination of interplay …
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Four Noble Truths
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1. Suffering – birth, sickness, decrepitude, death, dislikes, separation, “Life is suffering.”
2. Desire – causes suffering, wanting things, when desires aren’t fulfilled, it leads to unhappiness
3. Cessation – controlling desires leads to the end of suffering (solution)
4. Path …
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8-Fold Path (cyclical process)
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Wisdom: 1.Right view (Understanding) 2. Right intent (firm determination)
Morality(Action): 3. Right speech (Truth; No slander, gossip, abuse or chatter) 4. Right conduct (No killing, stealing, deceiving, illicit sex, or alcohol) 5.Right livelihood (No butchering, hunting, arms/alcohol…
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The prophecies surrounding Buddha’s birth
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His mother had a dream before Buddha (Siddhartha) was born of a white elephant offering the queen a lotus flower & then entering her stomach meaning he would either conqueror the world or become an enlightened being
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Buddha's way of life before turning 29
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Father sheltered him from the negative things from the world so Siddhartha (Buddha) would want to be a king
3 palaces 40000 dancing girls (beautiful women)
dressed in silk garments
arranged marriage to neighboring princess Yasodhara
happy childhood filled with festivals
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Encounters or scenes that caused Siddhartha to leave the palace and seek bliss
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1. Age (growing old)
2. Sickness, disease (Life = Suffering)
3. Death (sees corpse)
4. Ascetic in bliss (religion; spiritual seeker)
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Buddha's Birthplace and status in society
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Lumbini, Nepal
Prince/feudal lord
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Buddha's Birthname
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Siddhartha Gautma of the Sakyas
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Stages Siddhartha went through before Enlightenment
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Intense penance with other ascetics (renounces family & wealth; punishes the body by eating a grain of rice a day; tries to find enlightenment through yogis)
meeting Sujata (tells him to eat)
choosing the moderate way (rationed life; body is given what it needs to function but no more)
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Buddha's Emphasized “sharing [my] experience” as widely as possible, as well as “finding/becoming your own light”
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Buddhism is about being ordinary not special
4 Noble truths
balance (middle way)
Suffering is endless unless you become enlightened
don't look for other people to enlighten you; comes from self
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Buddha's First experience giving a “sermon,” or sharing his knowledge in Sarnath
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other ascetics were angered Buddha chose middle way & didn't believe he was enlightened until he shared his 4 Noble Truths & the 8-fold Path & then they became followers
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Buddhism’s similarity to the scientific method
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Empirical - personal experience supreme
Scientific - cause & effect
Pragmatic - problem solving, no speculation
Therapeutic - end of suffering final goal
Psychological - no metaphysics
Egalitarian - no caste or gender discrimination
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Buddha: Active for 40 years
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public preaching & private counseling
founded monks & nuns & trained monks
challenged the deadness of brahmin society & accepted in return the resentment, queries, & bewilderment his stance provoked
9 months in world, 3 month retreat, meditated 3 times a day
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What Buddha influences
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Social Reform - revival of ethics (non violence, vegetarianism)
Religious Reform - less importance to caste system, simplified rituals, women as nuns
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Mahayana (Great Path; Great Vehicle, Big Raft") - Northern
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Buddha: Savior Shakyamuni: 1 of many Buddhas Bodhisattva: intermediary saving figure Spiritual ideal: Bodhisattva Key virtue: compassion for others Goal of life: Rebirth in Buddha land + Enlightenment for all Means to goal: self effort + devotion (grace from Buddha) "Be a lamp for others"…
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Theravada (Doctrine of Elders; "Little Raft") – Southern
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Buddha: Ideal teacher Shakyamuni: Historical Buddha Bodhisattva: Prior lives of Shakyamuni Spiritual Ideal: Arhat Key Virtue: Wisdom for self Goal of Life: Nirvana Means to Goal: Self effort (meditation & discipline) "Be the lamp unto yourself" -Buddha Country of Practice: Sri Lanka, Burm…
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Reasons for Mahayana & Thervada Decline
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Internal factors: Moral degeneration of Sangha; Schism & sectarian disputes; Weakening intellectual base; Less earth-bound to Indian cultural practices
External Factors: Deteriorating political support (after Ashoka); Revival of Hinduism (by Shankara);Inclusion within Hinduism (Buddhas a…
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PHIL 2070: FINAL EXAM