PHIL 2070: FINAL EXAM
80 Cards in this Set
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Torah
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First five books of the Hebrew bible
Torah- "teaching"
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Tanakh
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The Hebrew Scriptures
1. Torah
2. Nevi'im (prophets)
3. Ketuvim (writings)
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Genesis
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First book of the Torah
Contains creation account and the biographies of the Patriarchs.
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Abrahamic Religions
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Judaism, Christianity and Islam
All lead back to Abraham
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Covenant
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Foundational feature of Judaism and Christianity.
Not a contract
Covers all facets of life.
Noahide, Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic
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Noah
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Survives flood with sons and the animals.
Receives Noahide Covanent
contains laws against idolatry, murder, theft, sexual immorality, blasphemy, cutting the flesh off of a living animal and one other one I don't know.
God won't flood the earth again. Gives rainbow.
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Tower of Babel
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Made as a symbol of human ability and pride.
Nimrod is involved.
God scatters them and confuses their language so they won't do this again or worse.
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YHWH
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Divine name
"Yahweh"
I AM
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Adonay
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Means "Lord".
Relates back to Yahweh
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Ha-Shem
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a Jewish rendering of God's divine name Yahweh, means "the name"
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Mt. Sinai
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Where God met Moses to give him the Law.
Official founding of Judaism
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Ten commandments
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1. I am the Lord your God who brought you out of slavery in Egypt.
2. You shall have no other gods but me.
3. You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God.
4. You shall remember and keep the Sabbath day holy.
5. Honor your father and mother.
6. You shall not murder.
7. You sha…
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Tabernacle
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Portable tent that was used to house God's presence through the Ark and where sacrifices were offered.
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Ark of the Covenant
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Sacred box that held the Law, some mana and Aaron's staff.
God's presence (Shekinah Glory) dwelt there.
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Philistines
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Canaanite people who Israel disposed from the the Promise Land.
Fight Israel a lot
Goliath
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King David
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Ruled after Saul
1000 BC
Expanded Israel's borders.
Received the Davidic Covenant
The Messiah would come from his line and would rule in Israel forever
Wrote a lot of the Psalms
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King Solomon
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Richest/wisest man ever
Expanded Israel's borders the farthest in their history
Build's the Temple
Writes most of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and Song of Solomon
Last king of a unified Israel
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Babylonian Exile
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Babylonians conquer Jerusalem in 586 BC
Jews are carried off to Babylon.
There for 60+ years.
Books of Daniel, Ezekiel, Lamentations and others written there.
Jews are released after Persia conquers Babylon and Cyrus allows them to leave.
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Judea
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Region of the Promise Land where Jerusalem is.
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Jews
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Descendants of Abraham
Followers of Judaism
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Diaspora
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The dispersion of Jews away from the Jewish homeland, to live as minorities in other lands
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synagogue
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The center of worship and communal life of a Jewish congregation; temple.
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Aramaic
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Language Jesus spoke
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Messiah/Mashiah
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"Anointed One"
From the line of David
Salvation would come through Him.
Christians say Jesus is the Messiah
Jews don't agree.
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Apocalyptic Literature
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Lots of writings about the coming of the Messiah during the inter-testamental periods.
Also refers to Revelation and the End of Days
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Hellenistic Age
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Time after Alexander the Great conquers most of the world.
World culture becomes very Greek.
Greek is commercial language.
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Septuagint
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Greek translation of the Tanakh
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Nevi'im
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"prophets" – the second division in the Jewish classification of the Bible
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Ketuvim
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"writings"-refers to third portion of Jewish Bible
Psalms, Proverbs, and the other poetry
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Sadducees
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Centered their power in Jerusalem and collaborated with the Romans;
a priestly, conservative, aristocratic group
Part of the Sandhedrin
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Pharisees
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Highly disciplined
Focused on strict observation of the Law
Did lots of interpretation
Part of the Sanhedrin
Largest Jewish sect in Jesus' time
Antagonists in the Gospel accounts.
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Sanhedrin
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Jewish ruling council
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Midrash
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biblical exegesis
interpretation of biblical stories
fills in gaps in biblical the biblical narrative
composed of two parts: midrash aggada and midrash halakha
aggada: storytelling exploring ethics and values
halakha: focuses on Jewish law and practice
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Essenes
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Withdrew from life to live an ascetic lifestyle in the Dead Sea area of Judea where they awaited the coming of the Messiah.
Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls.
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Zealots
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Political group in Jerusalem that sought to overthrow Rome through violence.
Apostle Simon (not Peter) was a Zealot.
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Apocalypse
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End of the world
Day of the Lord
Judgement Day
Second coming of Christ
Book of Revelation
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Rabbis
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Jewish teachers
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Atonement
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Idea that blood must be shed in order for a person's sins to be forgiven and absolved.
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Talmud
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a collection of writings that interpret the torah and provide clarification of biblical laws
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Old Testament
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Hebrew Bible/Tanakh
Christians view it as the old covenant
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Abraham
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First Patriarch
Father of Isaac and Jacob
Received Abrahamic Covenant.
will be father of nations
children will be like stars in the sky
nations will be blessed through you.
Also cut off part of his dick.
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Moses
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1500 BC
Lead the Hebrews out of captivity in Egypt.
Received the Law (10 Commandments) on Mt. Sinai.
Lead Israelites through the wilderness and the wanderings.
Died before he could enter the promise land.
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Incarnation
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"to put on flesh"
God becomes a man in Jesus Christ
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Sin
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To miss a mark.
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Doctrine of Incarnation
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Jesus, 2nd member of the Trinity, came into human history as a man to save sinners.
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Gospel
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Biographical accounts of the life and ministry of Jesus
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Evangelion
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Good news
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Christ
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"anointed one"
Greek version of Messiah
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Jesus of Nazareth
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Historical Christ
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Holy Spirit
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Third member of the Trinity
Empowers the ministry of Jesus
Descended on Him like a dove.
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Holy Trinity
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One God existing eternally in three persons.
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
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Virgin Birth
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Jesus was born to Mary by the power of the HS
Fulfills prophecy
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Bethlehem
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"House of Bread"
David's hometown
Where Jesus was born
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Magi
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Eastern mystics who came to Jerusalem to worship Jesus when He was born.
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John the Baptist
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Jesus' cousin
Prepared the way of the Lord.
Preached repentance.
beheaded by Herod
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Hosanna
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"save now!"
Hebrew cry of praise
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Judas Iscariot
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Apostle who betrayed Jesus to the Romans.
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Ascension
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Jesus returns back to heaven on the Mount of Olives after His resurrection
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Synoptic Gospels
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Matthew, Mark and Luke.
Very, very similar
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Logos
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"The Word" in the Gospel of John.
"account, order"
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Disciple
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Follower
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Resurrection
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Jesus rising from the dead after His crucfixion
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Crucifixion
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death on a cross
died by affixation
common Roman execution method
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Authors of Four Gospels
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Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.
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Islam
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"Entering into a condition of peace and security w/God through allegiance and surrender to him."
view themselves as a continuation of the true Abrahamic religion.
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Muslim
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Practicer of Islam
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Muhammad
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Final and greatest prophet.
Founder of Islam
Received the Qua'ran from Allah.
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Qur'an
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holy book of the Muslims
collection of Muhammad's revelations
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Hadith
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Body of literature made of the traditional sayings of Muhammad.
secondary to the Qur'an
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Allah
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God of Islam
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Mecca
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Islamic holy city
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Ka'ba
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Black rock that is the physical manifestation of the covenant that exists between God and humanity. Sits in the house of God in Mecca. All pilgrims must run three times around it and walk four times around it.
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Mt. Hira
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Where the angel Gabriel comes down and gives Muhammed the Qur'an
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Gabriel (Islam)
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Angel who appears to Muhammed and gives him the Qur'an.
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Prophet (Islam)
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Gives knowledge from god.
Muhammed is the last and greatest.
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Messenger (in Islam)
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A person who has been given by god a message about universally binding sacred law.
Muhammad
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Prophets of Power (in Islam)
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Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad
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Surahs
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Divisions within the Koran
114
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mi'raj
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Prophet's "Night Journey" or the journey he takes to the "farthest mosque" and he ascends to heaven and talks to all of the other prophets
goes to heaven from the rock, of the Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem
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Hijrah
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Muhammad's migration in 662
From Mecca to Medina to escape persecution.
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PHIL 2070: FINAL EXAM