29 Cards in this Set
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Hydrologic Cycle
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summary of the circulation of Earth's water supply, driven by energy from the sun and atmosphere
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Processes involved with Hydrologic Cycle
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Precipitation, Evaporation, Infiltration, Runoff, and Transpiration
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Sheet Flow
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Thin, broad sheets of water flowing across the ground
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Channel Flow
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sheet flow develops into little channels called rills, form larger channels
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Infiltration Capacity
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how much water can seep into the ground
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Things that affect infiltration capacity
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intensity and duration of rain, how wet/dry soil was, soil texture, slope of land, and nature of vegetation
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Stream Flow
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depends on velocity
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Laminar vs Turbulent
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L= slow moving water moving in a relatively straight line
T= fast moving water is more erratic and can have whirlpools, eddies, and rapids
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Factors that determine stream flow
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Gradient, Channel characteristics, and discharge
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Stream profile
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as you move from head to mouth discharge increases, channel size increases, gradient is more gentle, and roughness decreases
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Work done by Running Water
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erosion, transport, deposition
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Types of Stream Loads
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Dissolved- material is solution dissolved from chem erosion of rock
Suspended- tiny particles carried with current
Bed- course particles more along the bottom
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Levees
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Form parallel to stream channel by successive floods
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Yazoos
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small streams that run parallel to main river between levels and valley walls
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Back Swamps
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marshy lands between levels and valley walls
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Stream Valleys
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consist of stream channel and surrounding terrain
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V-Shaped
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gradient steeper at headwaters which causes valley deepening; downward erosion dominates and develops features like rapids and waterfalls
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Broad Flood Plains
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towards mouth of the river
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Ox-bows Lakes
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As stream meander, part of meander can be cutoff from the river and segments are called oxbow lakes
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Cut Bank
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Outside meander, erosion active
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Point Bar
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Inside meander, deposition active
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Terraces
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remnants of former flood plain, river adjusted to relative drop in base
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Dendritic
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Irregularly branching tributaries (most common)
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Radial
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Streams diverge from center point (volcanoes)
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Rectangular
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Streams bend at right angle (cause by fracture in bed rock)
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Flood
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Any event where the amount of water is too much for the channel to hold
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Regional Flood
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caused by long duration of precipitation
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Flash Flood
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Caused by intense short duration of precipitation
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Dam Failure
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Man made and natural dams may fail under any number of circumstances
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Chapter 10