129 Cards in this Set
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Human Development refers to...
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Change & Constancy
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The accepted view of development is that it is...
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An ongoing process
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Not history-graded on development
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Menopause
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"Children are good"
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Rousseau
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1877, Scientific basis for studying children done by?
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Darwin
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Freud was criticized for...
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Using adults to study children
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Purpose of 1st intelligence test?
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Identify children at risk for falling behind
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Proximal Development
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Skills child can do w/ skilled helper
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Major limitation of correlation research
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Can't determine cause & effect
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Important reason for ethical research
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Protect participants
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Ethology refers to...
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Behavior of innate behaviors
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In textbook, they make a metaphor to info processing... What was it?
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Computer
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What is the primary purpose of genetic counseling?
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So parents can make procreation decisions
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Someone w/ 2 alleles for brown eyes is...
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Homozygous for trait
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How much genetics do parents/siblings share?
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50%
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Presence of extra 21st chromosome leads to...?
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Down Syndrome
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Actual traits portrayed (physical) are
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Phenotype
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Conception has occurred when egg & sperm combine to form
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23 new pairs of chromosomes
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Most accurate for how much weight women should gain while pregnant
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25-35 pounds average, also depends on body type
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Woman is ready to deliver
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when dilated 10cm (4 in)
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What is an episiodomy
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Widen vaginal opening
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Neonate?
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Infant in 1st month
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What is the most common birthing method?
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Hospital
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Lanugo?
Vernix?
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Fine, downy hair that covers newborns.
Oil that covers newborn, white chunks
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Why use a midwife?
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It's more personal
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If you decorated a room with bright colors and animals?
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Baby can't see them because they are nearsighted
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Early maternal contact influence bonding?
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Researchers say it's 1 element of bonding
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What does a 0 on Apgar scale?
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Severe problems
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Mom sad after 10 days post partum?
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Baby blues
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Most dramatic growth gains happen when?
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Prenatal development
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Can children "grow overnight"?
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Yes, 1 in in 24 hours
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Academy of Pedi says...
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Children should be breastfed for 1 year
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Myelin is?
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Sheet of insulate around axons, facilitates communication
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Greatest gains in acuity happen when?
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First 6 months
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When do humans start visually tracking object?
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Depends on age
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Mom uses red ball to catch baby's attention, baby loses interest... What has the baby done?
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Habituated the ball
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Putting toy in mouth?
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Sensorimotor
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Toy --> Lightbulb
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Assimilation
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Piaget said development is in _________, others say it is ____________.
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Stages, Continuous
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What is deferred imitation?
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Immitation of action after time delay
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Bayley Scale is used to measure what?
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See handicaps/ to see nuerological/sense problems
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"more"
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Expressive language
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Lion--> "kitty"
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Example of overextension
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Cognitive view of attachment
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Assumes need for object permanence
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Mothers of securely attached infacts are
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-affectionate
-more predictable
-caregiving
All the above.
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4 month wants to be held only by mom or dad
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Attachment in the making
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Placement in day care affects attachment...
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Regardless most are securely attached
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Can social depreivation experiments be performed on babies?
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No- unethical
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Emotional regulation is...
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How children control their emotions
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Parent's expectation & Children's temperament
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Goodness of fit
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Child observes other child not afraid of stranger, so they are not afraid of stranger
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Social referencing
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Height and weight gains during early childhood
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Become more slender, lose baby fat
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Fine motor after gross
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Proximodistal development
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Rough & tumble play
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Important to physical & social development
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Minor illnesses
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Last a few days, not life-threatening
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Diarrhea
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leading killer of children in developing country
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Nutrition?
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Healthy, well-balanced to create habits
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Preoperational- important development of cognitive ability
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Increase of language (representation)
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Soft voice w/ cat, adult voice w/ kids
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Pragmantics
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Consistent control, strong affection
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Authoritative Parenting
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Parenting is a 2 way street because....
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It depends on characteristics of the child
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Child hits someone to get a toy back, this displays what kind of aggression?
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Instrumental
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Knowledge for desirable behavior patterns
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Inductive methods
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Conflict between siblings is greater when...
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Parents show favoritism
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Social play =
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Parallel & associative play
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Stronger self concept for preschoolers=
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More possessive they are
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Aggressive children appear to be less able to...
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take perspective of others
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Aggression is result of reinforcement & observational learning
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Social Cognitive
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Children's fears during early childhood focus less on...
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Loud noises & strangers
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Obese children are more likely to...
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Get rejected by peers and do better in sports
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Increased coordination & agility
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All the above
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ADHD not noticed until middle childhood because...
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They are required to sit & pay attention
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Concrete operational children
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Can think in multiple dimensions
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Jimmy does math first because it takes him the longest
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Metacognition
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Tina broke 1 toy on purpose, Dillion broke 5 on accident. Who is the most in trouble?
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Dillon because he broke more
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Gardener studied...
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Biological basis & culture & learning
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Erikson in middle childhood
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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Self-Esteem in middle childhood
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refined, goes down
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Learned helplessness
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likely to believe success depends on ability
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Increasing importance
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Peers
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During middle childhood
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Friends are exclusively same gender
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Home to school transition is influenced by
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Diversity of early life experiences
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High quality teachers
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Communicate values & expectations
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Asynchronous growth
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Hands & feet hit peak growth before arms and legs
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Clark hit puberty before his peers
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Popular, confident, better at sports
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Nutritional adolescense
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Don't get as much nutrients
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Understand metaphor
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Formal operations
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Olivia picking out clothes and thinks her friends are worried about what she's going to wear tomorrow
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Imaginary audience
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Males score higher on visual
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Spatial ability
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Adolescence--> Adulthood
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Emerging adulthood
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Body functions @ peak
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Early adulthood
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Juan is a tennis player, Miguel is a golfer. Who is a better athlete?
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Miguel in his early 30s
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Healthy behaviors
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Are lacking in early adulthood
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Impact of stress
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Many respond in unhealthy ways
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Rape is most common for women between
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16-24
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Post formal Piaget
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Each person's experiences are different
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Perry- good & evil
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Dualistic
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Cognitive development in college
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Exposed to different points of view
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Intrinsic
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Fill days w/ meaningful activity
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Erikson warns that
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Ego identity should be established before relationship
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Levinson... Seasons of life is?
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Women have more social constraints, different timing for men & women, less applicable to women today
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Reciprocity of relationships
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2 way giving admiration & compliments
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Someone attractive
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Differs across cultures
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Triangle theory of love
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Couples have = amounts of 3 components of love
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Loneliness is connected to
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Low self-confidence, emotional instability, unhappiness
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Marriage is the most common lifestyle for ages...
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34-44
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Cohabitating couples are more likely to divorce because
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they have less traditional views of marriage
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Workplace problems for dual earners
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Affects health & marital satisfactions
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True cost of divorce
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Higher rates of illness
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Interindividual variability
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no 2 people change same way
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Changes in muscle mass, body temp, metabolism can be altered by
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Diet & exercise
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Variations in response to menopause suggest
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All the above
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Reaction time increases by
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Fraction of a second
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Crystallized intelligence
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increases w/ age
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Stress effect middle adulthood
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Control --> less likely to be depressed
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Generativity cares for
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All the above (anyone)
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When Gender identity goes up^^^
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Androgeny- parental imperative theory
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Sandwich generation
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Taking care of parents & kids
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Grandparenting
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Styles vary
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Life expectancy is related to...
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Gender, geographical location, race, healthy behavior
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Dementia
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Caused by Alzheimer's
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Normal aging
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Physiological decline slowly, man years of life, disease is not inevitable
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Late adulthood
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Hearing loss may be factor in social isolation
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Cross linking theory
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Body proteins stiffen w/ age & breakdown
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Substance abuse in elderly
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Prescription meds
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Butler- Reminiscence
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Make life meaningful
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Disengagement theory
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All the above
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Untreated depression
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May lead to suicide, particularly older men
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Older adults prefer to stay in their home
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As long as they can
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FCS 101 Final