BIOL 112 1nd Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Limitations of biological definition of species II Other species concepts III Speciation models Outline of Current Lecture IV What is phylogeny V Systematics VI Molecular data new phylogenetic trees Current Lecture What is phylogeny o A hypothesis about the evolutionary between a group of organisms o The analytical approach used to determine phylogenetic relationships systematics o A phylogenetic tree graphical representation of the hypothesis o Relationship is down based on shared characteristics o Phylogeny uses the same approach as taxonomy comparison of similar characteristics Systematics o What characteristics can we compare Traditional pre genome era 1990 Morphology Comparative embryology Biochemistry ex Isoenzyme properties mobility isoelectric points Molecular era post 1990 Big technological advances made it possible to o Sequence entire genomes o Identify open reading flaws in sequence using special computer algorithms that 1 D start codon ATG introns exons stop codon Computer programs that can predict the way a protein folds function Computer programs that can pull out the homologous genes for a group of organisms Can build trees by comparing the degree of sequence similarity between homologs Molecular data new phylogenetic trees These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Ex Animals and fungi more closely related to each other than fungi to plants o But more significantly we can draw organisms with no morphological similarities ex Humans and bacteria
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