PowerPoint PresentationChapter 11 Amplifiers: Specifications and External CharacteristicsSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5BASIC AMPLIFIER CONCEPTSSlide 7Inverting versus Noninverting AmplifiersSlide 9Voltage-Amplifier ModelCurrent GainPower GainSlide 13Slide 14CASCADED AMPLIFIERSSlide 16Simplified Models for Cascaded Amplifier StagesSlide 18Slide 19POWER SUPPLIES AND EFFICIENCYSlide 21Slide 22Slide 23Current-Amplifier ModelSlide 25Slide 26Slide 27Transconductance-Amplifier ModelSlide 29Slide 30Transresistance-Amplifier ModelSlide 32Slide 33IMPORTANCE OF AMPLIFIER IMPEDANCES IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONSSlide 35Slide 36FREQUENCY RESPONSEDetermining Complex GainSlide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44LINEAR WAVEFORM DISTORTIONSlide 46Phase DistortionSlide 48Requirements for Distortionless AmplificationSlide 50Slide 51PULSE RESPONSESlide 53Rise TimeSlide 55Slide 56TiltTRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC AND NONLINEAR DISTORTIONSlide 59Slide 60Harmonic DistortionTotal Harmonic Distortion (THD)Slide 63DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERSSlide 65Common-mode SignalSlide 67Common-Mode Rejection RatioSlide 69Slide 70Slide 71OFFSET VOLTAGE, BIAS CURRENT, AND OFFSET CURRENTSlide 73Slide 74Slide 75Slide 76ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 11Amplifiers: Specifications andExternal CharacteristicsELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11Amplifiers: Specifications andExternal Characteristics1. Use various amplifier models to calculate amplifier performance for given sources and loads.2. Compute amplifier efficiency.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.3. Understand the importance of input and output impedances of amplifiers.4. Determine the best type of ideal amplifier for various applications.5. Specify the frequency-response requirements for various amplifier applications.6. Understand linear and nonlinear distortion in amplifiers.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.7. Specify the pulse-response parameters of amplifiers.8. Work with differential amplifiers and specify common-mode rejection requirements.9. Understand the various sources of dc offsets and design balancing circuits.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.BASIC AMPLIFIER CONCEPTSIdeally, an amplifier produces an output signal with identical waveshape as the input signal, but with a larger amplitude.   tvAtvivoELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Inverting versus Noninverting AmplifiersInverting amplifiers have negative voltage gain, and the output waveform is an inverted version of the input waveform. Noninvertingamplifiers have positive voltage gain.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Voltage-Amplifier ModelELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Current GainioiiiA LiviiLoioiRRARvRviiA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Power GainioPPG  LiviviiooioRRAAAIVIVPPG2ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.CASCADED AMPLIFIERS21 vvvAAA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Simplified Models for Cascaded Amplifier StagesFirst, determine the voltage gain of the first stageaccounting for loading by the second stage. The overall voltage gain is the product of the gains of the separate stages.The input impedance is that of the first stage, and the output impedance is that of the last stage.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.POWER SUPPLIES AND EFFICIENCYBBBAAAsIVIVP ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Current-Amplifier ModelAisc is the current gain of the amplifier with the output short circuited.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Transconductance-Amplifier ModeliomviGscscConnect a short circuit across the output terminals and analyze the circuit to determine Gmsc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third