CHAPTER 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and ResonanceCHAPTER 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and ResonancePowerPoint PresentationSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Fourier AnalysisSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10FiltersTransfer FunctionsSlide 13Slide 14Determining the output of a filter for an input with multiple components:Slide 16Slide 17Linear circuits behave as if they:Slide 19Slide 20Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25DECIBELS, THE CASCADE CONNECTION, AND LOGARITHMIC FREQUENCY SCALESSlide 27Slide 28Slide 29Cascaded Two-Port NetworksSlide 31Logarithmic Frequency ScalesSlide 33Slide 34BODE PLOTSSlide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40FIRST-ORDER HIGHPASS FILTERSSlide 42Slide 43Slide 44Computer-Generated Bode PlotSlide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50SERIES RESONANCESlide 52Slide 53Slide 54Series Resonant Circuit as a Bandpass FilterSlide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60PARALLEL RESONANCESlide 62Slide 63Slide 64Ideal FiltersSlide 66Slide 67Second-Order Lowpass FilterSlide 69Slide 70Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGSlide 77Conversion of Signals from Analog to Digital FormSlide 79Slide 80Digital Lowpass FilterSlide 82Slide 83Slide 84Slide 85Slide 86ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.CHAPTER 6Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and ResonanceELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.CHAPTER 6Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance1. State the fundamental concepts of Fourier analysis.2. Determine the output of a filter for a given input consisting of sinusoidal components using the filter’s transfer function.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.3. Use circuit analysis to determine the transfer functions of simple circuits.4. Draw first-order lowpass or highpass filter circuits and sketch their transfer functions.5. Understand decibels, logarithmic frequency scales, and Bode plots.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.6. Draw the Bode plots for transfer functions of first-order filters.7. Use software to produce Bode plots for more complex RLC filters. 8. Calculate parameters for series and parallel resonant circuits.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. 9. Select and design simple filter circuits.10. Design simple digital signal-processing systems.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Fourier AnalysisAll real-world signals are sums of sinusoidal components having various frequencies, amplitudes, and phases.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.FiltersFilters process the sinusoid components of an inputsignal differently depending of the frequency of each component. Often, the goal of the filter is to retain the components in certain frequency ranges and to reject components in other ranges.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Transfer FunctionsThe transfer function H(f ) of the two-port filter is defined to be the ratio of the phasor output voltage to the phasor input voltage as a function of frequency: inoutVVfHELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.The magnitude of the transfer function shows how the amplitude of each frequency component is affected by the filter. Similarly, the phase of the transfer function shows how the phase of eachfrequency component is affected by the filter.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Determining the output of a filter for an input with multiple components:1. Determine the frequency and phasor representation for each input component.2. Determine the (complex) value of the transfer function for each component.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.3. Obtain the phasor for each output component by multiplying the phasor for each input component by the corresponding transfer-function value.4. Convert the phasors for the output components into time functions of various frequencies. Add these time functions to produce the output.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Linear circuits behave as if they:1. Separate the input signal into components having various frequencies.2. Alter the amplitude and phase of each component depending on its frequency.3. Add the altered components to produce the output signal.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. FIRST-ORDER LOWPASS FILTERSRCfB21  BffjfH11  211BfffH BfffH arctanELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.ELECTRICAL