Internet GIS and Geospatial Web Services Introduction Section 1 What is Internet GIS Section 2 Internet GIS state of practice Section 3 Future development of Internet GIS Section 4 Function comparisons of current Internet GIS programs Section 5 Internet GIS applications Section 6 Issues in the Development of Internet GIS These Internet GIS lecture slides for the MIT class 11 520 11 188 were originally developed by Prof Joseph Ferreira MIT and Prof Zhong Ren Peng UW Milwaukee and used as one part of the URISA Internet GIS Workshop Vancouver 2006 They were modified augmented for Fall 2006 2008 for use at MIT by Professors Mike Flaxman and Joe Ferreira 1 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Session Objectives Become familiar with some existing Internet GIS applications in city county and state governments Examine Some National International GIS Services which provide useful base data Look critically at services methods being proposed 2 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Types of Internet GIS Applications Data Sharing and disseminations Raw GIS data requires installed software expertise to use Geospatial Information Sharing and publishing Often includes cartographic representations Can produce single purpose human readable images Web Data Services Produce machine readable geospatial information Distributed Analysis Functions GIS Anywhere Interoperable GIS Web Services GIS Anyone Anywhere 3 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Platforms The Road Map Accessibility Mobile GIS Internet GIS Desktop GIS Mainframe GIS Time MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes 4 Computing Platforms Layering Market Share Shifts not replacement Accessibility Mobile GIS Internet GIS Desktop GIS Server GIS Services Interactive Exploration Creation Analysis Geospatial Content Authoring Spatial Data Infrastructures Time MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Location Based 5 Computing Architecture Issues Internet GIS Interfaces Single User Interfaces Isolated User User as Part of Enterprise GIS User as Part of Cybershere Groupware Multiple users one location Multiple distributed users 6 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Openness to Modification of System Use Repurposing of Data Comment Markup of Data Data Editing 7 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Openness to Modification of System Closed Proprietary Semi open Public API Open Source noncommercial use only Open Source allowing commercial uses 8 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Openness to Repurposing of Data Flattened image or graphics picture of a map Georeferenced Imagery Layer visibility control Layer symbolization control Examples Re use of Google Earth imagery only allowed in their context Map layers with fixed opaque backgrounds 9 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Types of Geospatial Data Vector Features Raster Gridded Data Geo associated Database Records Imagery Metadata Perspective Views Geotagged Photos Streaming Position Data 10 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Standards for Geospatial Data For many years proprietary data formats most common Two issues Vendor interest in capturing maintaining users Efficiency in operation Often by having data formats mirror internal structuring Vendors provide value added in software but then need means to persist data associated with those features 11 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Standards for Geospatial Data Many government standards attempted Some de facto such as USGS Digital Elevation Models DEM TIGER line files Some more formal National Spatial Data Transfer Standard Generally ended up being either Too specific Too unweildy Lead to Public Private Partnership Approach Resulting in Federal Geographic Data Committee Increased interest in open interoperability standards 12 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Standards for Geospatial Data Vector Features Simple Features specification 2D points lines polys Geographic Markup Language GML Raster Gridded Data Imagery GeoTIFF geographically tagged TIFF images JPEG2 includes GML metadata Geo associated Database Records SQL Simple Features Metadata Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards FGDC 13 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Computing Architecture Issues Standards for GeoData Transfer Rendered Maps Web Mapping Service WMS Vector Features Web Feature Service WFS for Read Only Web Feature Service Transactional WFS T for Read Write Raster Gridded Data Imagery Web Coverage Service WCS Perspective View Web Terrain Service WTS bad name 14 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Client Server System that divides processing between client desktop and server Client desktop requests data server only transmits the result of the request not the entire file 15 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Components of Client Server Systems Client Middleware optional the glue Server Application Presentation Logic Data 16 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes The Client The Client has three functions Presents an interface to the user Formats requests for data Displays data it receives from the server 17 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes The Server Provides shared resources such as databases or applications that can be connected to multiple clients It has three functions receives the structured requests from the clients processes them sends the results back to the client 18 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes The Middleware Middleware is software that connects dissimilar applications and enables them to communicate and exchange data Middleware sometimes used to translate between different communication protocols Also used to enhance scalability many more clients can be served simultaneously through load balancing and other smart features WebLogic or TomCat are examples of middleware 19 MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes Internet GIS Applications in Urban Planning Planning information dissemination Comprehensive planning information Zoning information Property and census data Public participation in the planning process Scenario analysis Online feedback Economic Development site selection MIT 11 188 11 520 Web Service Notes 20 Internet GIS Applications in Transportation Real time advanced traffic information system Real time traffic congestion management Automatic trip planning Transportation and land use integration Public participation in transportation planning