GEOG 256 10 3 13 Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Vision of the Future Sustainable Eco Cities II Film notes on Freiberg Germany Outline of Current Lecture I Cities and Water Quality II Point and Non Point Pollution III Urban Planning Strategies for Protecting Ground Water IV Hydrology Current Lecture I II Cities and Water Quality a History of Civilization has long been concerned with water i Roman Aqueducts were first built in 3rd century BC 500 Miles of them served rome b Safe water is a major global concern and far worse in rural than urban c Water is the 1 environmental concern in USA i Pollution of drinking water 50 ii Pollution of bodies of water 46 iii Air Pollution 38 iv Loss of Rainforest 33 v Global Warming 28 Point and Non Point Pollution a Point factories wastewater treatment facilities septic systems landfills and other sources that are clearly discharging pollutants into water sources b Non Point runoff including sediment fertilizer chemicals and animal wastes from city streets farms fields construction sites c Groundwater and Surface Water i Groundwater any water below the surface often in pores or cracks 1 Aquifer useful supplies of groundwater ii Surface Water any water above the surface iii Most of the world s freshwater is in groundwater iv US drinking water split even between the two These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV d More than 33 of the US population drink public well water More than 20 of the wells have potential health concerns Most contaminants have natural geologic sources i Farms Cities Industry Mining also contribute e Local Groundwater Quality in Tucson is generally pretty good Urban Planning Strategies for Protecting Ground Water a Protecting the area around the groundwater on the surface area i Wellhead Protection area an area around a public water supply where land uses must be compatible with the preservation of water quality b Septic systems an uncontrolled point source problem i Strategies for areas with limited septic capacity 1 Sand mound septic system 2 Community Drain Field 3 Low Density Zoning and Land Acquisition c Solutions for Non Point Pollution i Reduce Pollution Deposition ii Control Runoff iii Reduce Driving 1 Atmospheric Deposition 2 Road Deposition iv soil stabilization plant protection matting mulching timing clearing and grading re vegetation stabilized entrance exit v sediment controls vi Restricting hillside development vii Detention and retention basis Hydrology a Watershed an area in which all rainfall drains to the same location b Causes of peaky ness i Man Made conveyances to channels ii Impermeable rock or soil or man made surfaces iii Sparse vegetation and clearing iv No dams v Steeper slopes vi Heavy fast rains c Problems with peaky ness i Pollution flushing ii Erosion iii Flooding iv Lower groundwater storage v Lower dry weather stream flows vi Scouring of river and riparian habitat d Low Impact Development i Objectives Maximize infiltration by reducing and disconnecting impervious surface often by preserving previous ones