Earth RotationThe Geographic GridMap ProjectionsGlobal TimeEarth’s RevolutionChapter 1: The Earth as a Rotating PlanetThe Shape of the Earth- a perfect sphere?- why or why not?Earth Rotation- what is it?- how long does it take?- if looking at Earth from above north pole, rotation is _______________, while if looking at it from the equator, rotation is from _________ to _________- importance of rotation1. 2. 3. The Geographic Grid- what is it?- consists of imaginary lines1. parallels – also called _________________o “run” in ________________ direction, but measure ______________ of referenceo how is the distance measured? (hint: what is the reference?)o range:o 1˚ of latitude = approximately 69 miles at Equatoro creates _____________ and ______________ hemisphereso 5 well-known latitudes include:2. meridians – also called ________________o “run” in ________________ direction, but measure ______________ of referenceo how is the distance measured? (hint: what is the reference?)o range:o distance between meridians varies, but is approx. = 69 miles x cosine (latitude)o creates ______________ and ______________hemisphereso 2 well-known longitudes include:o- location of a point given as: latitude (degrees N or S), longitude (degrees W or E)- two techniques: decimal degrees or degrees (˚), minutes (‘), seconds (“)Map Projections- Map:- what problem arises from depicting a curved (3-D) object onto a flat (2-D) surface?- types of distortion1.2.3.4.5.- some types of map projections:1. polaro circular, centered on N or S pole, meridians are straight lines, parallels are circleso advantage:o disadvantages:2. Mercator (conformal projection)o rectangular, meridians and parallels are straight lineso advantages:o disadvantages:3. Goode (equal-area projection)o odd shape, meridians both straight and curved lines, parallels are straight lineso advantages:o disadvantages:Global Time- Number of contiguous U.S. time zones?________- solar noon:- 15˚ of longitude = 1 hr (360˚ for one rotation of Earth / 24 hrs in a day = 15 degrees/hr)- do time zones always follow this rule?- International Date Lineo approximate location:o why?o Travel West and ______ a dayo Travel East and _______a dayEarth’s Revolution- what is it?- direction if viewed from above:- one complete revolution = - responsible for:- shape is ____________, so Earth is closer to the Sun at certain times of the year1. perihelion: Earth ____________ Sun; occurs in ____________ (N. Hemisphere winter)2. aphelion: Earth _____________ Sun: occurs in __________ (N. Hemisphere summer)- equinoxeso occur in _________________ (vernal) and ______________ (autumnal)o subsolar point = ______________o hours of daylight- solsticeso occur in: _____________(summer) and ____________ (winter)o subsolar point:o 24 hrs of
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