Chapter 9natural vs. human-influenced vegetationChapter 10GEO101 Final Exam Study GuideThe format of the exam will be the same as the others; multiple choice and short answer. Below are concepts that you should know from each chapter or section. Chapter 9- natural vs. human-influenced vegetation- examples of human influences on vegetation- what features of vegetation are affected by environmental factors?- what is life-form?- annuals vs. perennials- forest vs. woodland- name the five biomes- Sub-classifications within each biome (Savannah, Forests, and Deserts) - basic characteristics of biomes (largest latitudinal range, Strahler climate type, etc.)- elevation and vegetation: why differences?, vegetation zonation, life zones, sky islands- how does vegetation change on spatial scales? do we see this on maps? why/why not?Chapter 10- why is soil important to plants?- five important factors in soil formation- matter: mineral vs. organic- what accounts for most of soil composition?- physical vs. chemical weathering- what is loam?- importance of soil colloids- soil acidity and alkalinity: why important?, how measured?, important #’s on scale- soil moisture: why important?, how does moisture get to soil?, importance of infiltration, relationship between soil moisture and soil texture- soil horizons: what are they?, how differentiated?, two main types- 4 soil-forming processes and definitions- temperature vs. soil formation- soil vs. topographyChapter 15- Percentage of fresh water as total water- Infiltration- Soil water belt- 2 types of runoff- Groundwater vs. water table- 2 forces that move ground water- Karst landscapes- Cone of depression with respect to wells- Drainage systems and watersheds- Lag time and what it means to flooding- Flash floods and urbanizationWater in the Southwest- Colorado River Compact- Basin states- Salinity issues- Evaporation issues- Lee’s Ferry- Lake Powell/Lake Mead- Hoover Dam/Glen Canyon Dam- Water conservation in Tucson vs. Phoenix- Agriculture vs. urban demand- Imperial Valley- Environmental problems associated with the Salton Sea- DroughtConcepts from earlier chapters- rotation – what is it?, importance- revolution – what is it?, importance- parallels and meridians – alignment and direction of measurement- what is energy balance?- difference between solar and terrestrial radiation- composition of atmosphere – most dominant gases, types of greenhouse gases- when’s and why’s of time of minimum and maximum temperatures- what are continentality and the marine effect?- temperature change with height- basic premise of global water balance- precipitation formation processes- pressure vs. altitude relationship- names forces affecting wind- air masses: what are they?, how named- cyclones and anticyclones: high or low pressure?, convergence or divergence?, direction of air movement, associated weather- fronts: types and definitions, what do they look like?- what is climate?- climographs: what are they?, how are temp and precip represented?- why study extreme weather and climate events? (why important?)- names of greenhouse gases- what is necessary for scientists to gain a better understanding of climate change?- what is major debate about global
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