Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. How to determine acidityA. ElectronegativityB. Larger sizeC. ResonanceD. InductionE. HybridizationCHEM 333 1st EditionII. How to determine strongest baseIII. Lewis acid/baseIV. Alkanes vs. CycloalkanesOutline of Current LectureI. Constitutional IsomersII. Nomenclature of alkanesIII. Classification of carbonIV. Nomenclature of cycloalkanesCurrent LectureI. Constitutional Isomers: same molecular formula but different connectivitya. Example:II. Nomenclature of alkanes: prefix + anea. Unbranched alkane: # + anei. Example: n-pentaneii. Example: n-hexaneb. Branched: find longest continous chain and use root as namei. Example: Use six carbon chain instead of easily seen four carbon chainc. Substituents: things attached to main chain. Name and # each substituent . # so substituent has lowest # possible.i. Example: 3-methylhexaneii. Common substituents to know:d. Two or more identical substituents: # so substituent that occurs first gets lowest #i. Example: 2,4,5-trimethylheptanee. Two or more different substituents: list in alphabetical order. # chain which gives lowest # to the first substituent encounteredi. Example: 5-ethyl-2-methylheptaneii. Example: 3-ethyl-5-methylheptanef. di, tri, tetra, etc. are not included in alpabetizingi. Example: 4-methyl-5,7-dipropyldecaneg. Choose chains with more substituentsi. Example: 4-isopropyl-2,2,3,6-tetramethyloctaneIII. Classification of carbon°a. primary 1°: carbon attached to 1 Cb. secondary 2°: carbon attached to 2 C’sc. tertiary 3°: carbon attached to 3 C’sd. quarternary 4°: carbon attached to 4 C’sIV. Nomenclature of cycloalkanesa. Examples:b. 1 subtituent = no #i. Example: methylcyclopentanec. 2 substituents = alphabeticali. Example: isopropylcyclohexaned. 3 substituents = list alphabetically. # with lowest # possible.i. Example:
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